Robert Blackburn (aviation pioneer)
Robert Blackburn, OBE, FRAeS (26 March 1885 – 10 September 1955) was an English aviation pioneer and the founder of Blackburn Aircraft.[1]
Early life and education
Blackburn was born in Kirkstall, Leeds, Yorkshire, England to Kate (née Naylor) and George William Blackburn, an engineer and works manager of William Green & Sons, lawnmower and steamroller manufacturers.[2] He was the eldest of three brothers and attended Leeds Modern School and graduated in engineering at the University of Leeds, and built his first aircraft, a monoplane, in 1909. He made his first short flight on the sandy beach at Filey in the spring of 1909. The aircraft was badly damaged in 1910 when he attempted to make a turn.[3]
Career
He moved to Filey and built a second monoplane which established his reputation as an aviation pioneer and in 1911 founded the Blackburn Aeroplane Company. In 1914 he married Tryphena Jessica Thompson, known as Jessy Blackburn and with her help and inheritance created the Blackburn Aeroplane & Motor Company, establishing it in a new factory at Brough, East Riding of Yorkshire in 1916.[4]
He also opened a factory at Roundhay, Leeds in 1914, which was forced to shut down in 1920 after the closure of Roundhay Aerodrome. He introduced the first scheduled air service in Great Britain, offering half-hourly flights between Leeds and Bradford. In 1919 he set up the North Sea Aerial Navigation Company, using surplus World War I aeroplanes, which operated a regular passenger service between Leeds and Hounslow, London as well as cargo flights between cities, including Leeds and Amsterdam.[5] In 1917 Blackburn and Jessy purchased Bowcliffe Hall at Bramham, near Wetherby as their home. Blackburn hoped to one day operate an airline that went from Cape Town, South Africa to Cairo, Egypt.[6] In the 1930s he lived in Natal, South Africa and in the towns of Bulawayo and Victoria Falls in what has since become Zimbabwe.[7]
He was the founder of the Scarcroft golf club. In 1950 he retired, leaving Bowcliffe Hall and moving to Devon. On his death in Devon in 1955 the Blackburn company's production facilities became part of Hawker Siddeley.
Personal life
Jessy and Robert Blackburn had three sons and two daughters. Their youngest, Peter, spent two years in Switzerland with TB cared for by his mother. Another son, Rob, was killed in 1935 age 16 in an accident when he was hit by a car while riding his bike. The marriage ended after 23 years with the divorce finalised on 23 March 1936.[4] He married Phyllis Margaret Kirton on 9 April 1936 and they had two daughters.[2]
Commemoration
The Robert Blackburn building at University of Hull commemorates him.[8]
References
- ^ A. J. Jackson "Blackburn Aircraft since 1909" Putnam & Co Ltd (1968)
- ^ a b "Blackburn, Robert (1885–1955), aircraft designer and manufacturer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/46634. Retrieved 2 April 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Roots In The Sky - A History of British Aerospace Aircraft, Oliver Tapper (1980), ISBN 061700323 8; p. 7.
- ^ a b "Obituary: Jessica Blackburn". The Independent. 22 October 2011. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ^ "PPS5 Heritage Assessment- Bowcliffe Hall" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- ^ Encyclopedia of African Airlines by Ben R. Guttery pg. 234
- ^ Rhodesiana, Volume 21, 1969 pg. 39-40
- ^ "Hull University commemorates pioneer Robert Blackburn". BBC News. 21 October 2010.
External links
- Biographical info and project to build a replica of the first Blackburn monoplane
- Humphrey Wynn, ‘Blackburn, Robert (1885–1955)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 21 September 2007
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