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Scolopendridae

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Scolopendridae
Temporal range: 122.46–0 Ma Early Cretaceous to present
Scolopendra cingulata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Myriapoda
Class: Chilopoda
Order: Scolopendromorpha
Family: Scolopendridae
Newport, 1844
Genera

See text.

Scolopendridae (or, in older documents, Scolopendridæ)[1] is a family of large centipedes (class Chilopoda).

Description

Nearly all species in this family have four ocelli (simple eyes) on each side of the head and only 21 pairs of legs, but there are exceptions: two scolopendrid species feature more legs (Scolopendropsis bahiensis, with 21 or 23 leg pairs,[2] and S. duplicata, with 39 or 43 leg pairs),[3] and some scolopendrid species are eyeless and blind (e.g., Cormocephalus sagmus, C. pyropygus, and C. delta).[4][5] Three Asian members of this family, Scolopendra cataracta, Scolopendra paradoxa, and Scolopendra alcyona, are known to show amphibious behaviour.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Two other species, Scolopendra hardwickei and Hemiscolopendra marginata, are known to show sexual dimorphism in the composition of their venom.[12][13]

Genera

Subfamily Otostigminae (Kraepelin, 1903)[14][15]

Tribe Otostigmini (Kraeplin, 1903)[16]

Tribe Sterropristini (Verhoeff, 1937) [17][18]

Subfamily Scolopendrinae (Leach, 1814)[19][14]

The earliest record of this family is †Cratoraricrus, an extinct genus from the Early Cretaceous of the Crato Formation of Brazil.[20]

References

  1. ^ The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Vol. 7. London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd. 1891.
  2. ^ Schileyko, Arkady A. (2006). "Redescription of Scolopendropsis bahiensis (Brandt, 1841), the relations between Scolopendropsis and Rhoda, and notes on some characters used in scolopendromorph taxonomy (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha)". Arthropoda Selecta. 15 (1): 9–17 – via ResearchGate.
  3. ^ Chagas-Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Minelli, Alessandro (2008-09-29). "Variability in trunk segmentation in the centipede order Scolopendromorpha: a remarkable new species of Scolopendropsis Brandt (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) from Brazil". Zootaxa. 1888 (1): 36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1888.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. S2CID 86220862.
  4. ^ Jiang, Chao; Bai, Yunjun; Shi, Mengxuan; Liu, Juan (2020-12-05). "Rediscovery and phylogenetic relationships of the scolopendromorph centipede Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 (Chilopoda): a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China, for more than one century". ZooKeys (932): 75–91. doi:10.3897/zookeys.932.51461. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 7239954. PMID 32476974.
  5. ^ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Huey, Joel A.; Humphreys, William F.; Hillyer, Mia; Burger, Mieke A.; Volschenk, Erich S.; Waldock, Julianne M. (2019). "Blind scolopendrid centipedes of the genus Cormocephalus from subterranean habitats in Western Australia (Myriapoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)". Invertebrate Systematics. 33 (6): 807–824. doi:10.1071/IS19015. ISSN 1445-5226. S2CID 209585200.
  6. ^ Anderson, Natali (2021-04-22). "Scientists Discover New Amphibious Species of Centipede | Sci.News". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
  7. ^ Holmes, O. (1 July 2016). "Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  8. ^ Bates, M. (26 June 2016). "'Horrific' First Amphibious Centipede Discovered". National Geographic. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  9. ^ Gravely, F.H. ″Two new species of Scolopendridae″, Records of the Indian Museum, Volume 7, 1912, p. 415
  10. ^ Siriwut, W.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Sutcharit, C.; Tongkerd, P.; Panha, S. (2016). "A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos". ZooKeys (590): 1–124. doi:10.3897/zookeys.590.7950. PMC 4926625. PMID 27408540.
  11. ^ "Centipede". VEDANTU. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
  12. ^ Undheim, Eivind & Richards, David & Ngum, Neville & Tooth, David & Kim, Dong-Hyun & Mellor, Ian. (2019). When sex matters: Dramatic sexual dimorphism in the venom and venom system of the centipede Scolopendra hardwickei. Toxicon. 158. S5. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.024.
  13. ^ Nystrom, Gunnar S.; Ward, Micaiah J.; Ellsworth, Schyler A.; Rokyta, Darin R. (Nov 2019). "Sex-based venom variation in the eastern bark centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata)". Toxicon. 169: 45–58. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.001. ISSN 1879-3150. PMID 31445069. S2CID 201644874.
  14. ^ a b "Scolopendridae Leach 1814 - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  15. ^ "ITIS - Report: Otostigminae". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
  16. ^ "Otostigmini Kraepelin 1903". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
  17. ^ "Sterropristini Verhoeff 1937". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
  18. ^ Muadsub, Sawitree; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Pimvichai, Piyatida; Enghoff, Henrik; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Panha, Somsak (2012-09-14). "Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)". Zootaxa. 3484 (1): 35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
  19. ^ "ITIS - Report: Scolopendrinae". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  20. ^ "Fossilworks: Cratoraricrus oberlii". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
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