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Blanche Gibbs

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Matilda Blanche Crawley-Boeveys, Mrs. William Gibbs, painted by William Boxall (National Trust)

Blanche Gibbs (17 December 1817 – 22 September 1887) also known as Matilda Blanche Gibbs or Matilda Blanche Crawley-Boevey, was an English philanthropist, and a supporter of the Oxford Movement in 19th century England. Along with her husband, William Gibbs, a businessman, she funded the establishment and restoration of many churches and religious structures. After his death, as the inheritor of his estate, she expanded her philanthropy towards social and welfare efforts including the creation of convalescent homes, hospitals, and educational institutions.

Early life

Matilda Blanche was born on 17 December 1817, and was the third daughter of Sir Thomas Crawley-Boevey, Third Baronet, and Mary Albinia, daughter of Sir Thomas Hyde Page, in Gloucester.[1][2] She primarily used her middle name, Blanche.[3]

Marriage and family

Blanche married William Gibbs, a merchant who was her distant cousin, on 1 August 1839, in Gloucestershire.[2] Together, they had seven children: Antony, William, George Abraham, Henry Martin, Dorothea Harriett, Alice Blanche, and Albinia Anne.[1] Three of her children died at a young age of tuberculosis.[4] Gibbs was an extremely wealthy man, the co-founder of the firm Antony Gibbs & Sons, and had built his fortune in trading food and goods from South America, before joining in the Atlantic slave trade, and the trade in guano from Lima.[2] They lived primarily at Tyntesfield, a Victorian Gothic revival mansion in Somerset, that William Gibbs bought and remodeled, and which now belongs to the National Trust.[5][6]

Philanthropy

Blanche and William Gibbs were members of the Oxford movement, a 19th-century religious movement that eventually resulted in the formation of Anglo-Catholicism.[2] Together, they engaged in a number of religious philanthropic projects, and were the main donors that established the London Diocesan Deaconesses Institution, as well as the establishment of several churches and educational institutions in England. These included the building of Keble College and its chapel, at Oxford University, for which they donated £30,000, as well as funding the establishment of the St Michael and All Angels Church, Exeter, and the restoration of the Bristol Cathedral and Exeter Cathedral.[7]

In 1875, following William Gibbs' death, his estate was inherited by Blanche Gibbs, who continued their religious philanthropic work but expanded it to encompass social and welfare efforts as well.[2] Independently, Blanche Gibbs established a number of philanthropic institutions including the St. Michael's and All Angels' Home for Consumptives in Axbridge, in 1878, a hospital, St. Michael's Home at Cheddar (which was designed by architect William Butterfield, and is now known as St Michael's Cheshire Home)[8] and the St. John's Convalescent Home at Tyntesfield.[9] Several of these homes built by Blanche Gibbs were dedicated to patients who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, a disease that resulted in the deaths of three of her seven children.[8] She also funded the establishment of a temperance house in Somerset, which later became a well-known brewery and pub, known as the Battle Axes.[10][11] In 1881, she endowed a scholarship at Keble College.[2]

Death and legacy

Blanche Gibbs died of uterine cancer at Tyntesfield, a country house that remained the principal residence for her and her husband, on 22 September 1887, at the age of 69.[9] An unfinished portrait of her, painted by Sir William Boxall, is a part of the National Trust Collections of the United Kingdom, as well as a second portrait, painted by Walter Charles Horseley.[12] Additionally, a portrait of Blanche Gibbs, along with five of her children, painted by Sir William Charles Ross, is also part of the National Trust Collections, and was displayed at the Royal Academy in 1850.[13]

References

  1. ^ a b Burke, Bernard (1879). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. Harrison. p. 636.
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Gibbs, William (1790–1875), businessman and religious philanthropist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/89656. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 2022-07-06. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ^ Miller, James (2003). Fertile Fortune: The Story of Tyntesfield. National Trust. ISBN 978-0-7078-0376-0.
  4. ^ Butterfield, William; Landau, Tyrone (1982). William Butterfield, 1814-1900: Pioneer of High Victorian Gothic Revival Architecture : Drawings and Metalwork, March-April, 1982. Fischer Fine Art.
  5. ^ "National Trust win battle for Tyntesfield". www.antiquestradegazette.com. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  6. ^ "Minerva working at Tyntesfield House near Bristol on behalf of the National Trust". www.minervaconservation.com. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  7. ^ Flew, Sarah (2015-10-06). Philanthropy and the Funding of the Church of England, 1856–1914. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-31771-5.
  8. ^ a b "St Michael's Cheshire Home (formerly St Michael's Free Home for Consumptives), Axbridge - 1425501 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  9. ^ a b Boase, Frederic (1892). Modern English Biography: Containing Many Thousand Concise Memoirs of Persons who Have Died Since the Year 1850, with an Index of the Most Interesting Matter. Netherton and Worth, For the author.
  10. ^ Pickstock, Heather (2022-04-13). "Historic pub could be transformed into farm shop and cafe". SomersetLive. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  11. ^ Pickstock, Heather (2021-06-17). "Six months to find buyer for pub as home plan halted". BristolLive. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  12. ^ "Matilda Blanche Crawley-Boevey (1817–1888), Mrs William Gibbs | Art UK". artuk.org. Retrieved 2022-07-06.
  13. ^ Trust, National. "Matilda Blanche Crawley-Boevey, Mrs William Gibbs (1817-1887) with her Children, Alice Blanche Gibbs later Mrs Alfred Gurney (1843-1871), William Gibbs (1846-1869) and George Abraham Gibbs (1848-1870) 13187.1". www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk. Retrieved 2022-07-06.[permanent dead link]
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