Eddie Lang
Eddie Lang | |
---|---|
![]() Lang, late 1920s | |
Background information | |
Birth name | Salvatore Massaro |
Also known as | Blind Willie Dunn |
Born | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. | October 25, 1902
Died | March 26, 1933 New York City | (aged 30)
Genres | Jazz, swing, chamber jazz |
Occupation(s) | Musician |
Instrument | Guitar |
Years active | 1918–1933 |
Labels | Okeh |
Eddie Lang (born Salvatore Massaro; October 25, 1902 – March 26, 1933) was an American musician who is credited as the father of jazz guitar.[1] During the 1920s, he gave the guitar a prominence it previously lacked as a solo instrument, as part of a band or orchestra, and as accompaniment for vocalists.[2] He recorded duets with guitarists Lonnie Johnson and Carl Kress and jazz violinist Joe Venuti, and played rhythm guitar in the Paul Whiteman Orchestra and was the favoured accompanist of Bing Crosby.
Biography
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/LANG20161019.png/200px-LANG20161019.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Eddie_Lang_Way_-_700_Block_Saint_Albans_St_Philadelphia_PA_%28DSC_4205%29.jpg/220px-Eddie_Lang_Way_-_700_Block_Saint_Albans_St_Philadelphia_PA_%28DSC_4205%29.jpg)
The son of an Italian-American instrument maker, Lang was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,[3][4] and grew up with violinist Joe Venuti. His first instrument was violin when he was seven. He performed on violin in 1917 and became a member of a trio. In 1920, he dropped the violin for banjo and worked with Charlie Kerr, then Bert Estlow, Vic D'Ippolito, and Billy Lustig's Scranton Siren Orchestra. A few years later, he dropped the banjo for guitar when he became a member of the Mound City Blue Blowers led by Red McKenzie.[5] He recorded one of the first solos in 1924 on "Deep 2nd Street Blues".[4] His performances with McKenzie's band drew attention, and he found many jobs as a freelance guitarist.[5] Before Lang, the guitar hadn't been a prominent instrument in jazz bands and dance orchestras.[4]
Lang and Joe Venuti recorded with Roger Wolfe Kahn and Jean Goldkette and performed with the Adrian Rollini Orchestra.[5] Lang recorded with blues guitarist Lonnie Johnson under the name Blind Willie Dunn to hide his race[2][3][6] and as a tribute to blues guitarist Blind Lemon Jefferson.[4] He also worked with Frankie Trumbauer, Hoagy Carmichael, Annette Hanshaw, Red Nichols, Jack Pettis, Bessie Smith, and Clarence Williams.[5]
Friendship with Bing Crosby
In 1929, Lang and Venuti became members of the Paul Whiteman Orchestra, and again Lang made an impact. Whiteman was impressed by his ability to learn songs quickly, though Lang had little education and could not read music. During the same year, vocalist Bing Crosby made his first solo recordings. His guitarist was Snoozer Quinn, but for the second session he invited Lang. Their friendship grew when Crosby joined the Whiteman Orchestra on its trip west to Hollywood to make the movie King of Jazz, in which Lang and Venuti appeared. In 1930, when Crosby was looking for a job in radio, he insisted on having Lang as his accompaniment. Aside from his friendship with Crosby, he had experience accompanying vocalists, such as Rube Bloom. When Crosby toured soon after, Lang sat on a stool next to him to share the microphone. Lang's wife Kitty, a Ziegfeld girl, was friends with Crosby's wife, Dixie.[4] He became a regular in Crosby's orchestra in 1932, the same year he appeared in the movie The Big Broadcast (1932).[2]
Death
Lang suffered from occasional laryngitis, chronic sore throat, and digestion problems. After a doctor recommended a tonsillectomy, Crosby urged Lang to have the operation.[4][7] Assured that the operation was routine, Lang entered Park West Hospital in Manhattan, but he never awoke from the surgery. He died at the age of thirty in 1933.[4][8] The cause of his death is uncertain.[7][8] Lang is buried at Holy Cross Cemetery in Yeadon, Pennsylvania.[8]
Influence
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Guitar_of_eddie_lang_L5.jpg/150px-Guitar_of_eddie_lang_L5.jpg)
Lang, along with New Orleans born Lonnie Johnson, were among the first single-string guitar soloists. He played the melody on one string while adding occasional chords. He demonstrated that the guitar could be an instrument for accompaniment like the piano.[4]
While most bands of the time had a banjo player, Lang was skilled enough to make his acoustic guitar heard against the other instruments. He was so influential that, according to George Van Eps, banjo players had no choice but to switch to guitar.[6]
George Harrison once cited Lang as one of his favourite guitarists.[9]
Lang played Gibson L-4 and L-5 guitars.[10][4]
Honors
In 1977, Lang's recording of "Singin' the Blues" with Frankie Trumbauer and Bix Beiderbecke, was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and in 2006 was placed on the U.S. Library of Congress National Recording Registry. He was inducted into the ASCAP Jazz Wall of Fame (1986)[11] and the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame (2010).
On October 23, 2016, Philadelphia's Mural Arts organization dedicated the mural Eddie Lang: The Father of Jazz Guitar, by artist Jared Bader. The mural stands by Lang's childhood home and the James Campbell School that stood at 8th and Fitzwater where Lang learned to play.[12] The mural was championed by area guitarist Richard Barnes, who started "Eddie Lang Day in Philadelphia" in 2010, an annual charity event.[13]
Compositions
Lang's compositions, based on the Red Hot Jazz database, include "Wild Cat" with Joe Venuti, "Perfect" with Frank Signorelli, "April Kisses", "Sunshine", "Melody Man's Dream", "Goin' Places", "Black and Blue Bottom", "Bull Frog Moan", "Rainbow Dreams", "Feelin' My Way", "Eddie's Twister", "Really Blue", "Penn Beach Blues", "Wild Dog", "Pretty Trix", "A Mug of Ale", "Apple Blossoms", "Beating the Dog", "To To Blues", "Running Ragged", "Kicking the Cat", "Cheese and Crackers", "Doin' Things", "Blue Guitars", "Guitar Blues" with Lonnie Johnson, "Hot Fingers", "Have to Change Keys to Play These Blues", "A Handful of Riffs", "Blue Room", "Deep Minor Rhythm Stomp", "Two-Tone Stomp". "Midnight Call Blues", "Four String Joe", "Goin' Home", and "Pickin' My Way" with Carl Kress.[14]
Discography
Albums
- Stringing the Blues with Joe Venuti (CBS, 1962)
- Jazz Guitar Virtuoso (Yazoo, 1977)
- A Handful of Riffs (ASV/Living Era, 1989)
- Pioneers of Jazz Guitar 1927–1938 (Yazoo, 1992)
- Blue Guitars, Vols. 1 & 2 with Lonnie Johnson (BGO, 1997)
- The Quintessential Eddie Lang (Timeless, 1998)
- The New York Sessions 1926–1935 with Joe Venuti (JSP, 2003)
- The Classic Columbia and Okeh Joe Venuti and Eddie Lang (Mosaic, 2002)
- 1927–1932 (Chronological Classics, 2004)[5]
Singles
Song | Musicians | Recording date | Label |
---|---|---|---|
Stringin' the Blues | Joe Venuti | November 8, 1926 | |
Hurricane | Red Nichols and His Five Pennies | January 12, 1927 | |
Wild Cat | Joe Venuti | January 24, 1927 | Okeh |
Sunshine | Joe Venuti | January 24, 1927 | Okeh |
Singin' the Blues | Bix Beiderbecke, Frankie Trumbauer | February 4, 1927 | Okeh |
April Kisses b/w Eddie's Twister | April 1, 1927 | Okeh | |
Doin' Things | Joe Venuti | May 4, 1927 | |
Goin' Places | Joe Venuti | May 4, 1927 | |
For No Reason at All in C | Bix Beiderbecke, Frankie Trumbauer | May 13, 1927 | Okeh, Columbia, Parlophone |
Beating the Dog | Joe Venuti, Adrian Rollini | June 28, 1927 | Okeh |
Wringin' an' Twistin' | Bix Beiderbecke, Frankie Trumbauer | September 17, 1927 | OKeh |
Perfect | Frank Signorelli | October 21, 1927 | Okeh |
Four String Joe | Joe Venuti's Blue Four | November 15, 1927 | |
Guitar Blues | Lonnie Johnson | May 7, 1929 | Okeh |
Knockin' a Jug | Louis Armstrong, Jack Teagarden | March 5, 1929 | |
Kitchen Man | Bessie Smith | May 8, 1929 | |
A Bench in the Park | Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra | March 21, 1930 | |
Georgia on My Mind | Hoagy Carmichael, Bix Beiderbecke | September 15, 1930 | Victor |
Pickin' My Way | Carl Kress | January 15, 1932 | Brunswick |
Feelin' My Way | Carl Kress | January 17, 1932 | Brunswick |
Please | Bing Crosby | September 16, 1932 | |
Jigsaw Puzzle Blues | Joe Venuti, Eddie Lang's Blue Five | February 28, 1933 |
Bibliography
- Berend, Dave. Seven Original Compositions for the Guitar by the Great Eddie Lang: Transcribed and Arranged for Plectrum Guitar Solos with Guitar Accompaniment. Robbins Music, 1961.
- Mazzoletti, Adriano. Eddie Lang: Stringin' the Blues. Rome, Italy: Pantheon Editore, 1997.
- Peters, Mike. The Classic Columbia and Okeh Joe Venuti and Eddie Lang Sessions. Notes by Mike Peters, Marty Grosz, Richard M. Sudhalter, Scott Wenzel. Mosaic Records, 2002.
- Sallis, James, editor. Jazz Guitar: An Anthology. Quill Publishers, 1984.
- Worsfold, Sally-Ann. The Quintessential Eddie Lang, 1925–1932. Timeless Records, 1997.
References
- ^ Ferguson, Jim (1983). Father of Jazz Guitar. GPI Publications. pp. 78–86.
- ^ a b c Yanow, Scott (2003). Jazz on Record. San Francisco, California: Backbeat. p. 94. ISBN 0-87930-755-2.
- ^ a b Lyttelton, Humphrey (1998). The Best of Jazz. Robson Books. pp. 139–140. ISBN 1-86105-187-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i McQuade, Martin (21 October 2016). "The Musical Partnership of Eddie Lang and Bing Crosby". GuitarPlayer.com. Archived from the original on 2016-10-23. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Yanow, Scott (2013). The Great Jazz Guitarists. San Francisco: Backbeat. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-61713-023-6.
- ^ a b Obrecht, Jay (December 2015). "The Lonnie Johnson-Eddie Lang Duets". Guitar Player. pp. 26–30, 140.
- ^ a b Sallis, James (1982). The Guitar Players: One Instrument and its Masters in American Music (1 ed.). New York: Quill. ISBN 0688015387.
- ^ a b c Mandell, David (November 2001). "Jazz and Otolaryngology: The Death of Guitarist Eddie Lang". The Laryngoscope. 111 (11 Pt 1): 1980–1983. doi:10.1097/00005537-200111000-00021. PMID 11801982. S2CID 42371951. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ "The Guitarist George Harrison Called "Pretty Hot"". Far Out Magazine. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ Berendt, Joachim (1976). The Jazz Book (4 ed.). St. Albans: Paladin. p. 268. ISBN 0586082603.
- ^ "Music Greats Added To Jazz Wall Of Fame". Ascap. June 2010. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ Farnsworth, Taylor (October 19, 2016). "Eddie Lang mural installed at 7th and Fitzwater, to be dedicated on Sunday". Passyunk Post. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
- ^ "Eddie Lang Day in Philadelphia - Official Website". eddielangdayinphiladelphia.blogspot.com. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ "Eddie Lang". Red Hot Jazz Archive. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
External links
- Eddie Lang: Profiles in Jazz at The Syncopated Times
- Eddie Lang (1902-1933) at the Red Hot Jazz Archive
- Photo of Lang with Bing Crosby
- Eddie Lang recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
- "Eddie Lang". Find a Grave. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
- 1902 births
- 1933 deaths
- 20th-century American guitarists
- American jazz guitarists
- Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery (Yeadon, Pennsylvania)
- Okeh Records artists
- American people of Italian descent
- American jazz musicians
- Guitarists from Philadelphia
- American male guitarists
- Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
- 20th-century American male musicians
- American male jazz musicians
- Victor Recording Orchestra members