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1990 Soviet Union regional elections

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In 1990, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia and the Supreme Soviets of 14 other republics of the Soviet Union.

Background

The proposal to create a "two-story" system for the formation of the legislative branch (with Congress of Deputies and the Supreme Soviet) in the USSR and its constituent and autonomous republics was put forward by Mikhail Gorbachev at the 19th Conference of the Communist Party in summer of 1988. On 1 December, the corresponding changes were made to the Constitution of the USSR.

Most of the republics except for Russia and its autonomous region of Dagestan ignored this requirement of the Union Constitution. Under the constitutional reform of 1989–90, they retained direct elections to their Supreme Soviets, but unlike the campaigns of preceding 50 years, republican branches of the CPSU now were facing significant opposition from the nationalist forces, represented in organizations such as Lithuania's Sąjūdis and numerous "Popular Fronts" (Estonia, Latvia, Moldavia, Azerbaijan).

List

Republic Date Communist Party Result Opposition Parties Result Independents
Armenia 20 May Communist Party of Armenia
136 / 259
 –
123 / 259
Azerbaijan[1] 30 September Azerbaijan Communist Party
280 / 366
 Azerbaijani Popular Front
45 / 366
15 / 366
Byelorussia[2] 4 March Communist Party of Byelorussia
302 / 360
 Belarusian Popular Front
26 / 360
 –
Estonia[3] 18 March Communist Party of Estonia
27 / 105
 Popular Front of Estonia
43 / 105
10 / 105
Joint Soviet of Work Collectives
25 / 105
Georgia[4] 28 October Communist Party of Georgia
64 / 250
 Round Table—Free Georgia
155 / 250
9 / 250
People's Front
12 / 250
Kazakhstan 25 March Communist Party of Kazakhstan
342 / 360
 –
18 / 360
Kirghizia 25 February Communist Party of Kirghizia
315 / 350
 –
35 / 350
Latvia 18 March Communist Party of Latvia
55 / 201
 Popular Front of Latvia
131 / 201
15 / 201
Lithuania[a] 24 February Communist Party of Lithuania (CPSU)
7 / 135
 Lithuanian Social-Democratic Party
9 / 135
64 / 135
Communist Party of Lithuania (independent)
46 / 135
 Others
9 / 135
Moldavia February–March Moldavian Communist Party
177 / 380
 Popular Front of Moldova
101 / 380
102 / 380
Russia 4 March CPSU[b]
920 / 1,068
 –
148 / 1,068
Tajikistan 25 February Communist Party of Tajikistan
221 / 230
 –
9 / 230
Turkmenistan 7 January Communist Party of Turkmenistan
157 / 175
 –
18 / 175
Ukraine 4 March Communist Party of Ukraine
331 / 450
 Democratic Bloc
111 / 450
 –
Uzbekistan 18 February Communist Party of Uzbekistan
456 / 500
 Unity
40 / 500
4 / 500

See also

References

  1. ^ CIA World Factbook (1995)
  2. ^ "What was the Belarusian parliament quarter of a century ago? The Supreme Council of XII convocation, 1990-1995". Nasha Niva. 26 May 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  3. ^ "Elections and Referendums in Estonia 1989-1999". Estonian National Electoral Committee. 2008-11-17.
  4. ^ Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p382 ISBN 0-19-924958-X

Notes

  1. ^ In December 1989, majority of the Communist Party of Lithuania led by Brazauskas proclaimed it separate from the CPSU. Burokevičius headed pro-Union branch.
  2. ^ Since the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia was the only constituent republic without its own Communist Party. The short-lived CP RSFSR would be created three months after the 1990 election.
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