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Pets in South Korea

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Pet ownership in South Korea has increased in recent years.[1] Dogs are the most common household animal, owned by 75.3% of pet-owning South Korean households, followed by cats, then goldfish. South Korean pet culture is constantly developing, and the companion animal industry in South Korea is worth an estimated 3.4 trillion won as of 2020.[2]

Companion animal

In South Korea, the expression "companion animal" is preferred to "pet". To South Koreans, the word "pet" typically refers to toys or entertainment, whereas "companion animal" denotes sharing emotional communication and living together. "Companion animals" are animals that live with humans and are not toys. All kinds of animals, including dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, chickens, ducks, parrots, lizards, iguanas, stag beetles, and goldfish, can be companion animals.[3] South Korean legislation on pets was revised in 2013, and the scope of companion animal was defined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.[4]

Demographics

There are 8.6 million pets in 6.38 million households in South Korea. In 2019, the number of households increased by 470,000, while dogs and cats account for the largest percentage of pets.[5] In 5.21 million households, 6.02 million dogs and 1.82 million to 2.58 million cats were found. The basic cost of raising pets in South Korea is 140,000 to 170,000 South Korean won per month, and ₩25,000 per month for smaller animals.

Adoption through acquaintances accounted for the largest percentage of domestic pet adoption methods. Among the reasons for the cancellation of animal adoption were "animal behavior problems such as damaging or barking", amounting to 29.4 percent of cancellations.[6] Among pet households in South Korea, 80.7 percent of households preferred dogs as pets, while 25.7 percent preferred cats.[7]

Pet breed preferred by Korean pet breeders
Ranking kind %
1 Maltese 23.7%
2 Poodle 19%
3 Pomeranian 11%

Industry

In South Korea, the number of companion animals, especially dogs and cats, is rapidly increasing mainly due to the increase in the number of nuclear families and single-person households. It is estimated that 40% of South Korean households will consist of a single person by 2050,[8] which is expected to be a significant contributor to the rapid growth of the companion animal population. The market size of pet related industries in Korea was estimated to be ₩1,544,000,000 billion KRW in 2018 and forecast to reach ₩3,498,000,000 in 2027.[9] Pet foods from domestic companies accounted for the highest share of the pet food market, at 24.6 percent. In the pet toy market, share of 'nosework blankets' by domestic manufacturers is the highest (28.0 percent), while oral products (62.5 percent) and bathing products (59.5 percent) are also ranked high.[10][clarification needed] As the pet industry market grows, practical and high-quality products influence purchasing and stimulate purchasing needs.[11] All pet-related businesses in South Korea require a special license.[12]

Pet funeral businesses

When a pet dies, their owners may choose to hold a funeral, held at animal burial facilities.[13] Animal burial and cremation facilities also require a special license to operate.[14] In South Korea, It is illegal to bury animal carcasses in other people's private property or parks. Deceased animals are classified as domestic waste and should be disposed of in garbage bags.

Pet technology

The increasing number of single-person households in Korea have led to more pets being left alone at home. This has led to a demand for pet monitoring devices and other pet-related electronics.[15] Pet TV channels and pet-focused phone applications are also available.

Job stress

People employed in the pet industry can experience job-related stress, which sometimes leads to animal abuse. There are ongoing training initiatives in South Korea to help reduce the effects of job-related stress.[16]

Dog bite legislation

A transparent muzzle

Dog bite injuries are rising in South Korea.[17] To mitigate this, the South Korean government mandated that dogs categorized as "ferocious" over the age of three months must wear muzzles in accordance with Article 1-2 of the Enforcement Rules of the Animal Protection Act. These breeds are also prohibited from visiting preschools, daycare centers, elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools under (Id. new art. 13–3).[18] Aggressive dog owners are required to attend education courses to prevent their dog from accessing restricted areas. If owners are found in violation of this, they will be fined between ₩1 million and 3 million for the first, second, and third violations.[19] To further mitigate such incidents, the government also recommended on February 12, 2021, that owners of aggressive dogs should take out insurance.[20] Ferocious dog insurance covers ₩80 million per victim's death, ₩15 million per victim injury, and more than ₩2 million per case if another animal is injured or killed.[21]

Abandoned animals

The number of abandoned animals in Korea has steadily increased, reaching 136,000 in 2019. By contrast, the number of adoptions is only 36,000. To encourage the adoption of abandoned animals, the government has decided to provide at least ₩100,000 for each animal.[22] Korea's budget for rescue and protection of abandoned animals was ₩23.2 billion won (19,900,000 US dollars) in 2019. Despite the expansion of investment budgets, the environment of animal shelters is still poor as more animals are abandoned. The euthanasia rate reached 23.7% in 2019.[clarification needed] Under the revision of the Domestic Animal Protection Law, those who abandon animals can be fined up to ₩3 million. Cases of animal abandonment can also be investigated by the police.[23]

Neutering of stray cats

When stray cats are neutered, the tip of the ear is cut off to signify the cat's status.[24]

Abandoned and lost animals see the highest increases in May and August, and one of the causes of this is the breeding of stray cats.[25] The South Korean government has launched a stray cat neutering program called Trap Neuter Release (TNR). TNR is done by safely capturing stray cats, neutering them, and releasing them back to their captive locations. TNR is carried out by the Government to prevent the increase in the population of stray cats.[26]

Pet registration system

Dog owners in South Korea must register animals in cities, counties, and district offices across the country. The Eup, Myeon, and Do areas, where a person who can act on behalf of an animal registration cannot be designated, are exempt. All dogs older than two months of age are subject to registration. If a pet is lost or abandoned, the animal registration number is used to identify their owner.[27] Owners who do not register their pets can be fined up to ₩1 million.[28] The pet registration system was implemented nationwide in 2014, and the number of registered animals continues to increase, from 2.092 million in 2019 to 2.321 million in 2020. The proportion of registered animals is 33% in Gyeonggi Province, 19% in Seoul, and 6% in Incheon.[29]

Dog meat consumption in South Korea

Main article: Dog meat consumption in South Korea

A controversial topic in South Korea is Bosintang. Bosintang is a soup made from dog meat. It is not illegal to slaughter and distribute dogs for consumption in South Korea.[30] Opponents of the practice argue all dogs can be pets, but proponents argue that pets and edible dogs can be separated.[31] There is a worldwide controversy over Korea's consumption of dog meat. Opponents of dog meat culture advocate for the protection of animal rights in the country.[32]

On January 9, 2024, the South Korean parliament passed a law prohibiting the breeding and slaughter of dogs for consumption which will take effect in 2027 following a three-year grace period.[33]

References

  1. ^ Yonhap. "25% of Korean adults have pets: report". Korea Herald. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  2. ^ "Share of households owning a pet in South Korea in 2020, by pet type". Statista. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  3. ^ 법제처. "반려동물과 생활하기 > 반려동물 데려오기 > 반려동물의 의미 > 반려동물의 정의 (본문) | 찾기쉬운 생활법령정보". Life Code Information (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  4. ^ Law (2003-08-13). "제2조(정의)". Law.
  5. ^ kim, Ji hyeon. "6.38 million households nationwide raise 8.6 million pets". www.korea.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  6. ^ 농업생명정책관 ,동물복지정책과 (2021-04-22). "보도자료" [6.6 million pets are raised in 6.38 million households nationwide.]. 농림축산식품부. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  7. ^ 황, 원경; 손, 광표 (2021-03-21). "KB경영연구소" [Korean Pet Report]. KB금융지주 (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-05-09.
  8. ^ Kyong-ae (23 March 2017). "Choi". S. Koreans spend more on companion animals, accept them as family. Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  9. ^ Cho ), 조재성 ( Jaesung; Seo ), 서강철 ( Gangcheol; Kim ), 김현중 ( Hyunjoong; Kim ), 김원태 ( Wontae; Ji ), 지인배 ( Inbae (2018). "반려동물 관련 산업 규모 추정 및 전망" [Estimating and forecasting the size of pet-related industries]. 농업경영·정책연구 (in Korean). 45 (3): 611–629. doi:10.30805/KJAMP.2018.45.3.611. ISSN 1229-9154. S2CID 159142978.
  10. ^ 최, 지희; 박, 은정; 이, 해정 (2019). "국내 반려동물 식품 및 용품 시장현황 분석연구" [A Study on the Market Status of Pet Food and Supplies in Korea]. 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 (in Korean). pp. 115–122. ISSN 1598-4877. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  11. ^ 박, 은옥; 신, 재익 (2019). "반려동물용품의 선택속성과 소비혜택, 구매의도에 관한 연구: 가심비적 소비성향에 따른 차이분석" [A Study on the Selection Attributes, Consumption Benefits, and Purchase Intention of Pet Products: An Analysis of Differences in Consumption Tendency]. 인터넷전자상거래연구 (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  12. ^ 서, 국성; 고, 기환; 신, 정남 (2002). "직업교육 향상을 위한 애완동물 산업의 실태분석에 관한 연구" [A Study on the Actual Condition Analysis of Pet Industry to Improve Vocational Education]. 계명연구논총 (in Korean). pp. 147–158. ISSN 1226-0312. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  13. ^ Hwang, Kyu-Sung; Lee, Choong-Goo; Kim, Doo-Sung; Kim, Sung-Min; Kim, Jeong-Lae (2015). "A Study on the Awareness of the Pet Funeral in Korea". The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology. 1 (4): 13–17. doi:10.17703/JCCT.2015.1.4.13. ISSN 2384-0358.
  14. ^ 법제처. "반려동물과 생활하기 > 반려동물 장례 치르기 > 반려동물이 죽었을 때 해야 할 일 > 반려동물 사체처리 방법과 말소신고 (본문) | 찾기쉬운 생활법령정보". 생활법령정보 (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-05-02.
  15. ^ Kwak, Ho-Young; Kim, Woo-Chan; Chang, Jin-Wook (2018). "The Development of Bluetooth Router Capable of Communication between Broadband Network and Slave Devices for Companion Animals". Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information. 23 (9): 51–56. doi:10.9708/jksci.2018.23.09.051. ISSN 1598-849X.
  16. ^ 박, 효진; 정, 구철 (2020). "반려동물산업 종사자의 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진, 동물학대 경험 및 생명존중의식간의 관계" [Relationship between job stress and psychological exhaustion, the experience of animal abuse, and awareness of respect for the life of pet industry workers;]. 한국웰니스학회지 (in Korean). pp. 367–379. ISSN 1975-4051. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  17. ^ Park, Joong Wan; Kim, Do Kyun; Jung, Jae Yun; Lee, Se Uk; Chang, Ikwan; Kwak, Young Ho; Hwang, Soyun (2019-02-21). "Dog-bite injuries in Korea and risk factors for significant dog-bite injuries: A 6-year cross-sectional study". PLOS ONE. 14 (2): e0210541. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1410541P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210541. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6383883. PMID 30789915.
  18. ^ Umeda. "South Korea: People Who Report Unleashed Dogs to Be Rewarded". Library of Congress. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
  19. ^ 농림축산식품부령 (2021-02-12). "국가법령정보센터 | 법령 > 본문 - 동물보호법 시행규칙". 국가법령정보센터. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  20. ^ Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (2021-02-09). "보도자료" [Punishment of animal abuse Strictly, safety management of pets tightly]. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  21. ^ 대통령령. "법령" [Article 6-2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Animal Protection Act (Insurance subscription)]. 국가법령센터.
  22. ^ Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (2020-09-16). "보도자료" [If you adopt an abandoned animal, you'll receive money for adoption!]. Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  23. ^ Animal Freedom Regiment (2020-04-22). "[유기동물] 강아지 연쇄 유기사건 발생! 동물유기는 벌금형의 범죄 행위입니다". 동물자유연대 (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  24. ^ 남, 종영 (2007-02-02). "귀 잘린 고양이와의 행복한 동거 : 사람과 사회 : 사회 : 한겨레21". 한겨레. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
  25. ^ Animal Freedom Regiment. "[보고서] 2016-2020 유실·유기동물 분석 보고서". 동물자유연대 (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-04-29.
  26. ^ Animal Freedom Regiment (2014-07-16). "길고양이 TNR이란?". 동물자유연대 (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-04-30.
  27. ^ 법제처. "반려동물과 생활하기 > 반려동물 데려오기 > 반려동물 등록 > 반려동물등록제도의 개념 및 대상 (본문) | 찾기쉬운 생활법령정보". 생활법령정보 (in Korean). Retrieved 2021-05-06.
  28. ^ 법률 (2021-02-12). "조문정보 | 국가법령정보센터" [Article 12 (Registration, etc. of animals subject to registration)]. 국가법령정보센터. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
  29. ^ Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. "Results of the 2020 Survey on the Protection and Welfare of Companions". Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  30. ^ 안, 용근 (2000-08-01). "The Korean's Recognition of Dog Meat Food". The Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition. 13 (4): 372–378. ISSN 1225-4339.
  31. ^ 김, 성한 (2018). "개, 식용으로 사용해서는 안 되는 윤리적인 이유 : 공리주의적 접근을 중심으로" [Ethical reasons not to be used for dogs and food: focusing on utilitarian approaches;]. 생명연구 (in Korean). pp. 53–89. ISSN 1976-846X. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
  32. ^ Oh, Minjoo; Jackson, Jeffrey (2011-02-01). "Animal Rights vs. Cultural Rights: Exploring the Dog Meat Debate in South Korea from a World Polity Perspective". Journal of Intercultural Studies. 32 (1): 31–56. doi:10.1080/07256868.2010.491272. ISSN 0725-6868. S2CID 144261913.
  33. ^ Yeung, Jessie; Bae, Gawon; Seo, Yoonjung; Stewart, Marc (January 9, 2024). "South Korea passes bill to ban eating dog meat, ending controversial practice as consumer habits change". CNN. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
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