Stata Mater
| Religion in ancient Rome |
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In ancient Roman religion, Stata Mater ("Mother who stops or stabilizes") was a compital goddess who protected against fires. She had an image (simulacrum) in the Forum,[1] and her cultus, as Festus notes, spread from there throughout the neighborhoods (vici) of the city.[2]
The original statue was set up by an Aurelius Cotta who had supervised the installation of new pavement in the Forum at the end of the 80s BC. The goddess's purpose was to safeguard the stonework from fire damage.[3] Only the Lares Augusti outnumber her as recipients of surviving dedications from compital shrines.[4]
In the neighborhoods
The cult of Stata Mater was centered on compital shrines of the vici, and numerous inscriptions to her were made by the heads of neighborhood associations (vicomagistri).[5] Her popularity attests to the everpresent threat and danger of fire in metropolitan Rome. She is sometimes given the additional title Augusta, perhaps in reference to the reorganization of the regions of Rome under Augustus in 7 BC.[6] One of the outcomes of this redistricting was to create local boards or neighborhood watches (vigiles) tasked with fire control, as a response to recent arson in the Forum. The dedications mark the success of local fire brigades in putting out fires.[7] One pairs Stata Mater Augusta with Volcanus Quietus Augustus, "the 'Quieted' Vulcan Augustus."[8] Stata Mater is perhaps to be identified with the Fortuna Augusta Stata named in an inscription.[9] Her cultivation is an example of localized Imperial cult under Augustus.[10]
A Vicus Statae Matris ("Stata Mater's Neighborhood") was located on the Caelian Hill,[11] and a Vicus Statae Siccianae in the Transtiberim.[12]
W.H. Roscher places Stata mater among the indigitamenta, the list of deities maintained by Roman priests to assure that the correct divinity was invoked for rituals.[13]
See also
References
- ^ Lawrence Richardson, A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 156.
- ^ Festus 416 (edition of Lindsay): "An image of Stata Mater used to be venerated in the Forum. After Cotta paved it, so the stones wouldn't be damaged by fire, which occurred there at night quite frequently, a large segment of the population transmitted the goddess's cult into their own neighborhoods" (Statae Matris simulacrum in Foro colebatur; postquam id Cotta stravit, ne lapides igne corrumperentur, qui †plurimis† ibi fiebat nocturno tempore, magna pars populi in suos quique ucos rettulerunt eius deae cultum).
- ^ John Bert Lott, The Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome (Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 167.
- ^ Lott, Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome, p.189.
- ^ For instance, ILS 3306–9.
- ^ Richardson, Topographical Dictionary, p. 428.
- ^ Lott, Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome pp. 3, 79, 98, 168.
- ^ Lott, Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome, p. x.
- ^ CIL 6.761 = ILS 3308; Richardson, Topographical Dictionary, p. 157.
- ^ Lott, Neighborhoods of Augustan Rome, p. 166.
- ^ CIL 6.36809.
- ^ Richardson, Topographical Dictionary, p. 157.
- ^ W.H. Roscher, Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie (Leipzig: Teubner, 1890–94), vol. 2, pt. 1, p. 223.
