Hawking–Page phase transition

In quantum gravity, the Hawking-Page phase transition Hawking-Page (1983) showed that although AdS black holes can be in stable thermal equilibrium with radiation, they are not the preferred state below a certain critical temperature $T_{C}$. At this temperature there will be a first order phase transition where below $T_{C}$ thermal AdS will become the dominant contribution to the partition function.

References

• Hawking, Stephen; Page, Don (1983), "Thermodynamics of black holes in anti-de Sitter space", Communications in Mathematical Physics, 87 (4): 577–588, Bibcode:1982CMaPh..87..577H, doi:10.1007/BF01208266