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Kvitlech

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This article refers to the card game; for the prayer note see Kvitel.
Kvitlech
OriginGalician Jews
Release dateLate 18th or 19th century
Players5+[1]
Cards24
Related games
Twenty-One, Pontoon, Dreidel

Kvitlech (Yiddish: קוויטלך, lit.'notes', 'slips')[note 1] is a card game similar to Twenty-One played in some Ashkenazi Jewish homes during the Hanukkah season.

The game and deck were created by Hassidic Jews living in Galicia during the late 18th or 19th century.[2] Most packs used to play the game consist of 24 cards with identical pairs numbered from 1 to 12. The pack may have originated from Hexenspiel decks by stripping them of picture cards so as to avoid idolatry.[3] Jews did not use popular playing cards because of the crosses and other Christian symbols found on them, using instead an (often handmade) deck of cards called kvitlekh, lamed-alefniks (lit. 'thirty-oners'), klein Shas (lit. 'small Talmud'), or tilliml (lit. 'small Book of Psalms').[4] The cards were decorated with Hebrew numerals and common objects such as teapots, feathers, and sometimes portraits of biblical heroes.[5] Piatnik & Söhne of Vienna was the largest producer of these cards during the 19th and 20th centuries which helped spread the game among Jews living in Austria-Hungary and their North American diaspora.

Most European players were killed during the Holocaust and the number of North American players has dwindled.

Notes

  1. ^ Also spelled Kvitlekh, Kvitlach, Quitli or Quitlok.

References

  1. ^ McLeod, John. "Quitlok". Pagat. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  2. ^ Steinmetz, Sol (2005). Dictionary of Jewish Usage: A Guide to the Use of Jewish Terms. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 66. ISBN 0-7425-4387-0.
  3. ^ Kissel, Robert (1990). "Kwitlech: The 'Kosher' Cards of Galician Jews". The Playing-Card. XVIII (3): 86–100.
  4. ^ Lehman-Wilzig, Tami (7 November 2010). "On Hanukkah, Galician Jews Knew How to Play Their Cards". Jewish Holiday Customs. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  5. ^ Roskies, Diane K.; Roskies, David G. (1979). The Shtetl Book. Ktav Publishing House. ISBN 978-0-87068-456-2.