Karel Lambert

Karel Lambert (born 1928) is a philosopher and logician at the University of California, Irvine and the University of Salzburg. He has written extensively on the subject of free logic, a term which he coined.

Lambert's law

Lambert's law is the major principle in any free definite description theory that says: For all x, x = the y (A) if and only if (A(x/y) & for all y (if A then y = x)). Free logic itself is an adjustment of a given standard predicate logic such as to relieve it of existential assumptions, and so make it a free logic. Taking Bertrand Russell's predicate logic in his Principia Mathematica as standard, one replaces universal instantiation, $\forall x\,\phi x\rightarrow \phi y$, with universal specification $(\forall x\,\phi x\land E!y\,\phi y)\rightarrow \phi z$. Thus universal statements, like "All men are mortal," or "Everything is a unicorn," do not presuppose that there are men or that there is anything. These would be symbolized, with the appropriate predicates, as $\forall x\,(Mx\rightarrow Lx)$ and $\forall x\,Ux$, which in Principia Mathematica entail $\exists x\,(Mx\land Lx)$ and $\exists x\,Ux$, but not in free logic. The truth of these last statements, when used in a free logic, depend on the domain of quantification, which may be the null set.

Published works

• Philosophical Applications of Free Logic, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991, "A Theory of Definite Descriptions", pp. 17–27, details an account of Russell's Theory of Descriptions in free logic. In the process, he demonstrates how a formulation from Hintikka allows for a contradiction by a correlate in logic to Russell's Paradox. He introduces the predicate $(\lambda x)(\phi x\land \neg \phi x)$
• Free Logic. Selected Essays, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

External links

• Official Personal Page at Internet Archive