Keystone (steam automobile)

The Keystone Steamer was an American automobile manufactured from 1899 until 1900 in Lebanon, Pennsylvania.^[1]

The manufacturer was the Keystone Match & Machine Company, founded in 1894 and offering bicycles from 1896.^[2] In 1899 the company offered an interesting but complicated steam car. It featured runabout coachwork and was powered by three small single-cylinder steam engines built into each of its rear wheel hubs in a way that they worked as a radial engine. It was tried to avoid the use of sprockets, chains and a differential gear as each wheel worked completely independent from the other.^[3] The vehicle could reach a maximum speed of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h).^[4]

Planned production included also trucks, but the Keystone Match & Machine Co. gave up all automobile projects in 1900, concentrating instead in producing matches and machinery for that purpose.^[4]

Engineer J. G. Xander, who mainly developed the Keystone Steamer, went to Reading, Pennsylvania where he manufactured steam and gasoline engines, and offered for a short time the Xander automobile, built on custom order.^[4]^[5]

References

^ David Burgess Wise, The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles
^ Kimes, Beverly Rae (editor) and Clark, Henry Austin, jr., ; The Standard Catalogue of American Cars, 2nd Edition, Krause Publications, Iola WI 54990 (1985), ISBN 0-87341-111-0; p. 769
^ The Horseless Age, December 1899 issue
^ ^a ^b ^c Kimes (1985; p. 770)
^ Kimes (1985; p. 1524)

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[1] David Burgess Wise, The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles

[2] Kimes, Beverly Rae (editor) and Clark, Henry Austin, jr., ; The Standard Catalogue of American Cars, 2nd Edition, Krause Publications, Iola WI 54990 (1985), ISBN 0-87341-111-0; p. 769

[3] The Horseless Age, December 1899 issue

[auto-4] Kimes (1985; p. 770)

[5] Kimes (1985; p. 1524)

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