Baden-Baden 1870 chess tournament
The 1870 chess tournament in Baden-Baden can be regarded as the first strong tournament. In comparison with London 1851 chess tournament, London 1862 and Paris 1867, three main changes were made: a) first chess clocks used[1] (20 moves had to be made per hour), b) draws counted as half points, c) only top international players were invited. Ten chess masters participated in the double round-robin tournament: Adolf Anderssen, Wilhelm Steinitz, Gustav Neumann, Joseph Henry Blackburne, Louis Paulsen, Cecil De Vere, Samuel Rosenthal, Szymon Winawer, Johannes von Minckwitz and Adolf Stern. The tournament lasted from 18 July until 4 August 1870.
Ignatz von Kolisch held the function of secretary in the organising committee. Prince Mihail Sturdza of Moldavia was president, and Russian writer Ivan Turgenev was vice-president. The committee of appeal consisted of Hungarian Baron Maythény and Baron von Kolisch.
In that time, France declared war on Prussia on 19 July 1870. The southern German states, including the Grand Duchy of Baden, took the side of Prussia and its North German allies. The Franco-Prussian War came close to Baden-Baden. An international incident nearly occurred. More serious was Stern's mobilisation, as a Bavarian reservist, after four rounds. Like Johannes Zukertort, he fought in the war. The finish of Baden-Baden 1870 marked the end of the beginning of hostilities. The thunder of the artillery could be heard at a distance of 30 km in Baden-Baden. Adolf Stern sent a card from the fields near Sedan on 4 September: "Emperor Napoleon has been mated".[2]
The results at Baden-Baden 1870 were as follows:[3]
# Player 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total 1 
Adolf Anderssen (German Empire) / 
Prussian Silesiaxx 11 00 1½ 11 1½ 10 10 11 -- 11 2 
Wilhelm Steinitz (Austrian Empire) / 
Bohemia00 xx 11 0½ 11 11 11 ½1 ½0 ½1[4] 10½ 3 Gustav Neumann (German Empire) / Prussian Silesia11 00 xx 1½ 01 01 11 0½ 11 -- 10 4 
Joseph Henry Blackburne (United Kingdom) / 
England0½ 1½ 0½ xx 10 11 1½ ½½ 11 -- 10 5 Louis Paulsen (German Empire) / 
Lippe00 00 10 01 xx 10 1½ 1½ ½1 -- 7½ 6 Cecil De Vere (United Kingdom) / 
Scotland0½ 00 10 00 01 xx 01 11 01 -- 6½ 7 
Szymon Winawer (Russian Empire) / 
Poland01 00 00 0½ 0½ 10 xx 1½ 11 -- 6½ 8 
Samuel Rosenthal (France) / Poland01 ½0 1½ ½½ 0½ 00 0½ xx 00 -- 5 9 Johannes Minckwitz (German Empire) / 
Saxony00 ½1 00 00 ½0 10 00 11 xx 10[5] 5 10 Adolf Stern (German Empire) / 
Rhineland-Palatinate-- ½0 -- -- -- -- -- -- 01 xx -
Anderssen won 3000 francs, Steinitz - 600 francs, Neumann and Blackburne - 200 francs (each).
Literature
- Stefan Haas: Das Schachturnier Baden-Baden 1870. Der unbekannte Schachmeister Adolf Stern. Rattmann, Ludwigshafen 2006. ISBN 3-88086-190-0
References
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20091028083510/http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lab/7378/history.txt
- ^ Baden-Baden 1870 Archived 2008-10-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Baden
- ^ Stern's results in the four games he played did not count
- ^ Stern's results in the four games he played did not count