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Ruy López Dávalos

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Ruy López Dávalos (Úbeda, Jaén Province, Spain, 1357 - in exile, Valencia, Spain, 1428), Count of Ribadeo since it was sold by the first count, the Frenchman Pierre de Villaines, who received it from Henry II of Castile on 20 December 1369, Adelantado of Murcia, 1396, Constable of Castile, 1400–1423, during the reigns of kings Henry III of Castile and John II of Castile. He was very attached to king Henry III's uncle, Ferdinand of Antequera, afterwards elected king Ferdinand I of Aragon, king 1412-1416. He was attached then to one of Ferdinand's troublesome sons, Infante Henry of Aragon (1400–1445).

Infante Henry of Aragon's contemptuousness with his cousin king John II of Castile

In November 1420, Infante Henry of Aragon headed a plot in Tordesillas to capture his young cousin, king John II of Castile, (1405–1454), and get himself married to his cousin Catherine, John II's sister. The fact that his father Prince Fernando de Antequera had been promoted to elected king of Aragon in 1412, and the still very extensive properties of his father in Castile, prompted him to impose his (contemptuous) will on his rather quiet cousin, the king John II. Further Prince Henry of Aragon had married king John II of Castile's sister, Catherine, being provided there and then with extensive properties and money which made Prince Henry, probably, to be above everything and everybody around him.

The meddling of king Ferdinand I of Aragon's children, known as the Infantes of Aragon; Henry, Peter, Alfonso (king Alfonso V 1416-1458) and John (later king John II of Aragon, 1458–1479), plus the behavior of their sisters, Catherine, Queen Consort of Castile, and Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, seems to have brought havoc to the Iberian Peninsula.

Eldest brother, king Alfonso V, left the Iberian Peninsula around 1430, leaving his wife, Maria of Castile, (1401–1458), the sister of king John II of Castile, and his meddling and impulsive brother, John, later king John II of Aragon, to live in Naples, Italy, doing military expeditions to conquer "manu militari" former fiefs of the Aragonese Crown and leading a sexual life there without bothering at all with his Queen, Marie of Castile, king John II of Castile's sister and having in Naples bastard royal children with a few women from the Italian nobility did not help either.

Sorting out Henry of Aragon by Álvaro de Luna

There was a loyal but ambitious, albeit modest Castilian nobleman, a bastard from Aragonese nobility stock, known as Álvaro de Luna who helped king John II of Castile to fight hard and many times successfully against his scourging cousins, males and females, in 1423.

They questioned however the nobility and the ancestry of faithful Álvaro, forgetting that the "Trastámara" royal families ruling in Castile and in Aragon then and there, and the questionable grips of feudal power of the now royal family, the Enriquez family, could trace their roots, less than 50 years earlier, 1369, in bastardy, violence and questionable powers, including the assassination of "legal" king Peter of Castile in Montiel, in March 1369. Not to mention their dangerous marriages involving closed endogamy relationships.

Constable of Castile Álvaro de Luna, (circa 1388 - publicly executed, Valladolid, 3 July 1453). From a painting by Sancho de Zamora, circa 1430, at the Álvaro de Luna chapel in the Cathedral of Toledo. Idolized by king John II of Castile since he was around 15 and he was a bastard, aged 27, he was most ambitious for social recognition and status, chasing out Constable of Castile Ruy López Dávalos, (1357-1428) around 1423. He was a Master of the Military Order of Santiago too, a much treasured position by Infante Henry of Aragon, who had died of wounds in Calatayud as a consequence of the Battle of Olmedo on 19 May 1445, fought on behalf of his master the King. It is said, further, that on 19 February 1445, Queen Consort of Portugal, Leonor and her sister Maria, Queen Consort of Castile, seem to have died of the same symptoms, then diagnosed by some people as poisoning. The king of Castile, who married then young, capricious, disequilibrated, Isabella of Portugal, a noble family Portuguese lady in waiting only then, better known as the mother of famous and mighty Queen Isabella I of Castile could not stand Alvaro arrogance and protective behavior towards her husband king John II of Castile. The killing of one of the Queen's secretaries, Perez del Vivero, attributed to Álvaro, meant his death sentence at Valladolid courts of law, 1453. King John II of Castile, is said to have died, brokenhearted by missing his devoted 64-year-old friend since he was 27, on 20 July 1454, aged only 49, nurtured by Álvaro since he was 15 and bullied for ever around by his hard royal Aragonese cousins. Queen Isabel I of Castile mother and one of the ruling Queen of Castile's daughters, Queen Joanna of Castile's son, king Charles I of Spain, a.k.a. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, respectively, because of their severe inherited madness

To be brief, Alvaro let it be known López Dávalos negotiations with the Muslim subjects of the vassal Kingdom of Granada, quite near of the Murcia territories held by the Constable, whether they were real or just a political concoctions, to become thus the undisputed protector of the young king of Castile and getting rid of the close involvement of López Dávalos with the Aragonese cousins of the king. The trick worked and Rui López Dávalos had to go into the Kingdom of Aragon, dying with the weight of a discredited life between 1423 and 1428.

The outcome of the exiled López Dávalos family after 1428

16th century Toledo politician Hernando Dávalos, the son of a certain Ruy López Dávalos and Teresa Vélez de Guevara, grandson of a certain Hernándo López de Avalos, (Dávalos), and Mª Carrillo y Palomeque, and the great grandson of Count of Ribadeo and Constable of Castile till 1423, Ruy López Dávalos, the great great grandson of Diego López Dávalos who together with brother Pedro López Dávalos came from Mencía Dávalos, daughter of Lope Fernández Dávalos, Mayor of the town of Úbeda, Jaén Province), in the year 1300.

This year 1300 people in Ubeda came from Basque-Navarrese settlers in Andalusia since about the 1230s, the well known family of the López de Haro - Díaz de Haro, lords of Biscay between about 1076 and the middle of the 14th century.

Hernando Dávalos made part of the well documented Toledo "Comuneros" fighting against the extra tax contributions, circa 1518, asked for by king Charles I of Spain (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V) to bend the wishes of the German Electors in his wishes of becoming a Holy Roman Emperor. His properties in Toledo were seized and sold publicly to pay for the military efforts trying to make them obedient to 18-year-old king Charles, born in Ghent, Flanders, an aspiring, and successful, Holy Roman Emperor.

A few male descendants of the family emigrated earlier to Italy, including Malta island, around 1430 and became there important people of the nobility for over 400 years or so, using names approaching the Spanish spelling of the name, but no necessarily with the same exact graphical signs. The genealogical descent is as follows:

1. Ruy Lopez d'Avalos, Count of Ribadeo, Constable of Castile (1357–1421), married firstly to Maria Gutierrez de Fontechecha; secondly 1395 to Elvira de Guevara; married thirdly to Constanza de Tovar y Toledo, de Los Senores de tierra de la Reina

1.1. (first marriage), Pietro D'Avalos, Pedro Dávalos in Spanish, Señor de Valhenoso, Avinante, Rosales y Villarrodrigo, married Maria de Orozco Suarez de Figueroa

1.2. Diego D'Avalos, Diego Dávalos in Spanish, Señor de Valhenoso, Villarrodrigo y otros ..., married Leonor de Ayala y Castañeda de los Señores de Escamilla

1.3. Leonor Dávalos, married to Men Rodriguez, Señor de Santisteban del Puerto, later became 1st Conde de Santisteban del Puerto, the ancestors of the Ducal house of Santisteban del Puerto.

1.4. (Second marriage) Diego Dávalos de Guevara, married to Isabel de Castilla y Castro, no issue.

1.5 Giovanni de Guevara, Juan de Guevara, Secreto of Malta island and Gozo island. In 1460, married Paola Inguanez, Paula Iñiguez????, de los barones malteses de Djar il-Biniet, dei Baroni di Djar il-Bniet., with issue.

Guara, Daguara, etc. are Italian approaches in the manuscripts to try to spell the Basque-Spanish name Guevara.

Portrait of Alfonso d'Avalos y Aquino, (Ischia, Italy, 1502 - Milan, Italy, 31 March 1546) by Venetian Titiano, (end of the fifteenth century - August 1576), around January–February 1533. Oil on canvas. (110x80 cm). Governor of the Duchy of Milan, 1538-1546, replaced by Ferrante Gonzaga, 1546-1555, educated in Spain. A cousin of Fernando d'Ávalos, fought in Austria against the Turks in 1532 and in Tunisia. Publicly available for Wikipedia from the Getty Foundation collection

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Fernando d'Ávalos, V marquis of Pescara, (Naples, Italy, 1489 - Milan, Italy, 4 November 1525), by engraver Dominicus Custos ( - 1612). He commanded the troops that on 23 February 1525 at the Battle of Pavia took as a prisoner king Francis I of France, sending him to Spain. He married very young within the important Colonna family.

Some references

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