Ali Bey Evrenosoğlu
Ali Evrenosoğlu | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Ali Bey Evrenosoğlu |
| Buried | Courtyard of the Gazi Evrenos mosque in Yenitsá (Giannitsa in Greece) |
| Allegiance | Ottoman Empire |
| Rank | Sanjak-bey |
| Battles / wars | |
Ali Bey Evrenosoğlu[1] or Evrenosoğlu Ali Bey,[2] known simply as Ali Bey,[3] was an Ottoman military commander in the 15th century. He was one of the sons of Evrenos, an Ottoman general. During the 1430s he was sanjak-bey of the Sanjak of Albania who, after initial defeats, suppressed the Albanian Revolt of 1432–1436 with help of the forces commanded by Turahan Bey. In 1440 he participated in the unsuccessful Ottoman Siege of Belgrade.
Origin
Ali Bey was a son of Ottoman commander Evrenos Bey. Evrenos was a Byzantine convert.[4] The family, known in Turkish as Evrenosoğulları, hailed from Anatolia and was one of four leading warrior (ghazi) families that were instrumental in the late-14th-century Ottoman conquests.[5]
Albania
Ali Bey was sanjakbey of the Sanjak of Albania before 1432.[6] When Ishak Bey captured Dagnum from Koja Zaharia in 1430 it was attached to the territory controlled by Ali Bey.[7]
In the early phase of the Albanian Revolt, in the winter of 1432, Sultan Murat II gathered around 10.000 troops under Ali Bey, who marched along the Via Egnatia and reached the central valley of Shkumbin, where he was ambushed and defeated by forces under Gjergj Arianiti. In 1435-6 he followed Turahan Bey's campaign, which restored Ottoman rule in the region.[8][9]
Other campaigns
According to some legends Hunyadi was Evrenosoglu's groom.[10] Hunyadi became intimate of the king of Hungary after he fled from Ali.[11]
Evrenosoglu commanded an army which was sent to plunder Wallachia[12] and Transylvania in 1438.[13] In 1440 Ali Beg participated in the unsuccessful siege of Belgrade where he built a wall around the city and used it to hurl stones.[3] According to Konstantin Mihailović, the title of bey and corresponding estate was promised to the Ottoman soldier who would wave Ottoman flag on the Belgrade walls. Although Evrenosoglu already had the title of bey at that time he decided to personally lead the assault to the walls of the Belgrade castle hoping to increase his already great reputation.[1] When Murad II died in 1451, Ali Bey was dispatched by Mehmed II to drown Murad's son, Küçük (Little) Ahmed Çelebi.[3]
Evrenosoglu was buried in the courtyard of the Gazi Evrenos mosque in Yenidje (modern Giannitsa in Greece).[14]
References
- ^ a b Jefferson 2012, p. 244.
- ^ Jefferson 2012, p. 163.
- ^ a b c Babinger 1992, p. 18.
- ^ Stanford J. Shaw; Ezel Kural Shaw (29 October 1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808. Cambridge University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-521-29163-7.
- ^ Caroline Finkel (19 July 2012). Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923. Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-1-84854-785-8.
- ^ Pollo, Stefanaq; Arben Puto; Kristo Frashëri; Skënder Anamali (1974). Histoire de l'Albanie, des origines à nos jours (in French). Horvath. p. 78. ISBN 978-2-7171-0025-9. Retrieved 23 June 2011.
Le sandjakbey d'Albanie, Ali bey Evrenos, partant de Gjirokastra, se porta aussitôt contre Arianite, mais les Turcs, selon le chroniqueur Oruc, furent battus à Buzurshek, dans la vallée du Shkumbin.
- ^ M. Bešić, Zarij (1970), Istorija Crne Gore / 2. Crna gora u doba oblasnih gospodara. (in Serbian), Titograd: Redakcija za istoiju Crne Gore, p. 158, OCLC 175122851,
Коју Закарију је или протјерао или заробио, а Дањ повјерио Али-бегу.
- ^ Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1993), First encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936, vol. VIII, Netherlands: E.J. Brill and Luzac and Co., p. 466,
...Ottoman campaigns of 1435 and 1436 when the Ottoman generals Ali and Turakhan effected a partially submission of Albanians
- ^ Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994), The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, University of Michigan Press, p. 535, ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5,
In 1432 Andrew Thopia revolted against his Ottoman overlords ... inspired other Albanian chiefs, in particular George Arianite (Araniti) ... The revolt spread ... from region of Valona up to Skadar...
- ^ Held, Joseph (1985). Hunyadi: legend and reality. East European Monographs. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-88033-070-1. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
mentioned a rumor that Hunyadi may have served the Ottoman Ali, son of Evrenos, as a groom,
- ^ Imber, Colin (2006), The Crusade of Varna, 1443–45, Ashgate Publishing, ISBN 978-0-7546-0144-9,
He fled from Ali bey and became intimate of the king of Hungary
- ^ Treptow, Kurt W. (2000). Vlad III Dracula: the life and times of the historical Dracula. Center of Romanian Studies. p. 203. ISBN 978-973-98392-2-8. Retrieved 10 June 2011.
Ali-bey Evrenos-ogly
- ^ Babinger 1992, p. 16.
- ^ Vakalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1973). History of Macedonia, 1354-1833. Institute for Balkan Studies. p. 259. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
Yenitsá ... Of the smaller mosques the most important were those of Gazi Evrenos..Beneath a high dome with many windows, Ghazi Evrenos lay buried amid the tombs of those 'gazis' who died as 'martyrs' (in other words, who fell in battle). In the courtyard of this mosque were the tombs of Ali Bey and Gazi Isa Bey, the sons of Evrenos. .
Sources
- Babinger, Franz (1992) [1978]. Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time. Bollingen Series 96. Translated from the German by Ralph Manheim. Edited, with a preface, by William C. Hickman. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09900-6. OCLC 716361786.
- Jefferson, John (17 August 2012). The Holy Wars of King Wladislas and Sultan Murad: The Ottoman-Christian Conflict from 1438-1444. BRILL. pp. 163, 244. ISBN 978-90-04-22925-9.
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