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This is a list of the costliest land battles of the American Civil War , measured by casualties (killed, wounded, captured, and missing) on both sides.[A]
Highest casualty battles
Battle
Campaign
Date
Nearest town
Union
Confederacy
Total
Strength
Commander
Casualties
Gettysburg
Gettysburg Campaign
July 1 –3, 1863
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
93,921
71,699
George G. Meade
Robert E. Lee
23,049
28,063
51,118
Chickamauga
Chickamauga Campaign
September 19 –20, 1863
Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
60,000
65,000
William Rosecrans
Braxton Bragg
16,170
18,450
34,624
Spotsylvania Court House
Overland Campaign
May 8 –21, 1864
Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia
100,000
52,000
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
18,399
12,687
31,086
Chancellorsville
Chancellorsville Campaign
May 1 –4, 1863
Chancellorsville, Virginia
133,868
60,892
Joseph Hooker
Robert E. Lee
17,197
13,303
30,500
The Wilderness
Overland Campaign
May 5 –7, 1864
Locust Grove, Virginia
101,895
61,025
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
17,666
11,033
28,699
Stones River (Murfreesboro)
Stones River Campaign
December 31, 1862 – January 2, 1863
Murfreesboro, Tennessee
41,400
35,000
William Rosecrans
Braxton Bragg
12,906
11,739
24,645
Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing)
Federal Penetration up the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
April 6 –7, 1862
Shiloh, Tennessee
66,812
44,699
Ulysses S. Grant
Albert Sidney Johnston
13,047
10,699
23,746
Antietam (Sharpsburg)
Maryland Campaign
September 17, 1862
Sharpsburg, Maryland
75,500
38,000
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
12,401
10,316
22,717
2nd Bull Run (2nd Manassas)
Northern Virginia Campaign
August 29 –30, 1862
Manassas, Virginia
62,000
50,000
John Pope
Robert E. Lee
10,000
8,300
18,300
Fredericksburg
Fredericksburg Campaign
December 11 –15, 1862
Fredericksburg, Virginia
114,000
72,500
Ambrose Burnside
Robert E. Lee
12,653
5,377
18,030
Cold Harbor
Overland Campaign
May 31 – June 12, 1864
Mechanicsville, Virginia
108,000
59,000
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
12,737
4,595
17,332
2nd Petersburg
Richmond–Petersburg Campaign
June 15 –18, 1864
Petersburg, Virginia
62,000
38,000
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
11,386
4,000
15,386
Gaines's Mill
Peninsula Campaign
June 27, 1862
Mechanicsville, Virginia
34,214
57,018
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
6,837
7,993
14,830
Missionary Ridge
Chattanooga Campaign
November 25, 1863
Chattanooga, Tennessee
56,359
44,010
Ulysses S. Grant
Braxton Bragg
5,824
6,667
12,491
Atlanta
Atlanta Campaign
July 22, 1864
Atlanta, Georgia
34,863
40,438
William T. Sherman
John Bell Hood
3,641
8,499
12,140
Seven Pines (Fair Oaks)
Peninsula Campaign
May 31 – June 1, 1862
Mechanicsville, Virginia
34,000
39,000
George B. McClellan
Joseph E. Johnston
5,031
6,134
11,165
Nashville
Franklin–Nashville Campaign
December 15 –16, 1864
Nashville, Tennessee
55,000
30,000
George H. Thomas
John Bell Hood
3,061
6,000
9,061
Cedar Creek
Sheridan's Valley Campaign
October 19, 1864
Middletown, Virginia
31,610
21,102
Philip Sheridan
Jubal Early
5,764
2,910
8,674
Opequon (3rd Winchester)
Sheridan's Valley Campaign
September 19, 1864
Winchester, Virginia
40,000
12,000
Philip Sheridan
Jubal Early
5,020
3,610
8,630
Franklin
Franklin-Nashville Campaign
November 30, 1864
Franklin, Tennessee
27,000
27,000
John M. Schofield
John Bell Hood
2,326
6,252
8,578
Malvern Hill
Peninsula Campaign
July 1, 1862
Varina, Virginia
54,000
55,000
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
2,100
5,650
7,750
3rd Petersburg
Richmond-Petersburg Campaign
April 2, 1865
Petersburg, Virginia
76,113
58,400
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
3,500
4,250
7,750
Perryville
Kentucky Campaign
October 8, 1862
Perryville, Kentucky
22,000
16,000
Don Carlos Buell
Braxton Bragg
4,276
3,401
7,677
Glendale
Peninsula Campaign
June 30, 1862
Varina, Virginia
40,000
45,000
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
3,797
3,673
7,470
2nd Corinth
Iuka and Corinth Operations
October 3 –4, 1862
Corinth, Mississippi
23,000
22,000
William S. Rosecrans
Earl Van Dorn
2,520
4,233
6,753
Peachtree Creek
Atlanta Campaign
July 20, 1864
Atlanta, Georgia
21,655
20,250
George H. Thomas
John Bell Hood
1,710
4,796
6,506
Champion Hill
Vicksburg Campaign
May 16, 1863
Edwards, Mississippi
32,000
22,000
Ulysses S. Grant
John C. Pemberton
2,457
3,840
6,297
The Crater
Richmond-Petersburg Campaign
July 30, 1864
Petersburg, Virginia
8,500
6,100
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
3,798
1,491
5,289
Fort Stedman
Richmond-Petersburg Campaign
March 25, 1865
Petersburg, Virginia
14,898
10,000
John G. Parke
John B. Gordon
1,044
4,000
5,044
South Mountain
Maryland Campaign
September 14, 1862
Boonsboro, Maryland
28,000
18,000
George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
2,325
2,685
5,010
1st Bull Run (1st Manassas)
Manassas Campaign
July 21, 1861
Manassas, Virginia
35,000
34,000
Irvin McDowell
P. G. T. Beauregard
2,896
1,982
4,878
Notes
^ All strengths and casualties are cited in the named articles. The Siege of Vicksburg (37,532 total casualties), the Battle of Appomattox Court House (28,469), the Siege of Port Hudson (17,500), the Battle of Fort Donelson (16,537), the Battle of Harpers Ferry (12,922), the Battle of Island Number Ten (7,108), and the Battle of Munfordville (4,862) have been omitted from this list because the casualty figures include very high percentages of soldiers surrendered.
See also