Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi (consul 133 BC)
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi (sometimes Censorinus), born around 180 BC, was a Roman politician and historian of plebeian origin.
Career
He in a served a number of political roles throughout his life, beginning in 149 BC when he held the office of tribune of the plebs.[1] During his tribunate he proposed the first law for the punishment of extortion in the provinces, Lex Calpurnia de Repetundis.[2] As he continued his political career, he became praetor in 136 BC, and consul (along with Publius Mucius Scaevola) in 133 BC. While consul, he took command of the First Sicilian Slave War, captured Morgantina, and began to attack Henna, the origin of the uprising.[3] Henna would be taken by Piso's consular successor the next year. He was a strong opponent of the Gracchi, particularly in relation to the grain laws of Gaius Gracchus in 123 BC.[4] In 120 BC he was elected censor; therefore, some ancient writers called him Censorinus.
Works
He is best known for his Annals (Template:Lang-la), a seven book annalistic history of Rome that spanned from the mythical founding of Rome until 146 BC. His historical account, now lost and known to us from only forty-nine short quotations or paraphrases, was written in a simple style of Latin.[3] Later historians relied upon his work, though many did not find it satisfactory. Cicero considered his work jejune, and Livy did not consider him fully reliable, due to his tendency to moralize and politicize the histories that he recounted.[5][6] Aulus Gellius, however, an admirer of the archaic, commended the work and quoted the only major fragment that has survived until today.[6] Moreover, the early 19th-century iconoclastic historian, Barthold Georg Niebuhr, wrote that Piso was the first Roman historian to introduce systematic forgeries.[5] Despite its shortcomings, Piso's historical work is important because it was the first time that an account was structured into individual years, making it the earliest history to follow the so-called "annalistic scheme." [7]
See also
References
- ^ Gilman, Daniel Coit; Colby, Frank Moore; Peck, Harry Thurston (1905). The new international encyclopaedia, volume 16. New York: Dodd, Mead. p. 61.
- ^ Cicero, Brutus 27, In Verrem iii. 84, iv. 25, de Off. ii. 21
- ^ a b Forsythe, G. 2012. Calpurnius Piso Frugi, Lucius. The Encyclopedia of Ancient History.
- ^ The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information, vol. 21 (11 ed.). New York: Encyclopædia Britannica Company. 1911. p. 652. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi britannica.
- ^ a b Browne, Robert William (1853). A History of Roman Classical Literature. Philadelphia: Blanchard and Lea. p. 183. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
Piso was the first Roman historian to introduce systematic forgeries.
- ^ a b Badian, Ernst. "Calpurnius Piso Frugi, Lucius." The Oxford Classical Dictionary. : Oxford University Press, 2005. Oxford Reference. 2005. Date Accessed 1 Sep. 2016
- ^ Feldherr, Andrew; Hardy, Grant (2011). The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 1: Beginnings to AD 600. OUP Oxford. p. 266. ISBN 9780191036781. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
Further reading
- Forsythe, G. (1994) The historian L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi and the Roman annalistic tradition. Lanham, MD. ISBN 9780819197429
- Smith, William, ed. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 1870. Accessed September 2, 2016.
