Casa Mata Plan Revolution
The Casa Mata Plan Revolution was a contextualized armed conflict between the struggles between Republicans and imperialist during the first half of the 19th century in the First Mexican Empire.
| Casa Mata Plan Revolution | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Republicans United Kingdom Gran Colombia |
 Imperialist  Spain | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Vicente Guerrero Nicolas Bravo | Augustin de Iturbide | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Republican Army | Imperial Army | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
Background
After the dissolution of the Constituent Congress (notified by General Luis Cortázar y Rábago ), the creation of the Institute Board and the Rebellion of Felipe de la Garza, the policy followed by the Iturbidist empire, made him antagonize heads of appointment, Antonio López de Santa Anna being one of them, then governor of Veracruz . It is then that Iturbide left in the direction of Jalapa under the pretext of taking precautions for the bombings suffered in Veracruz by Francisco Lemaur . The short stay of Santa Anna came to diminish its prestige after he humiliated the mayor of Jalapa Bernabé Elías, provoking revolutionary decisions in the spirit of Santa Anna.
Santa Anna Uprising
Separated from the Santa Anna command after having unsuccessfully attempted the Taking of San Juan de Ulua that finally came to fruition in 1825 , he was ordered to follow the emperor to appear in Mexico. Santa Anna, who had resisted going, went to Veracruz while Iturbide was in Puebla and resented his dismissal in command, rebelled the troops in that city, proclaiming the republic under a plan that, according to Carlos María from Bustamante , it was traced by Miguel Santa María , who was in the port, next to embark towards Gran Colombia . When Iturbide arrived in the capital, he learned about this new insurrection, so he highlighted General José María Lobato , José Antonio de Echávarri and Luis Cortázar y Rábago against Santa Anna.
Resistance of Santa Anna and Battle of Almolonga
With the effect of widening his rebellion, Santa Anna went with his forces to Jalapa , although he could not take it, so he returned to Veracruz. This defeat made Iturbide's spirits magnify until he learned of the disappearance of Servando Teresa de Mier , Nicolás Bravo and Vicente Guerrero . Generals Bravo and Guerrero went to the South with intentions of insurrection, so Iturbide sent forces to fight them. Although the generals managed to reach Chilapa , General Epitacio Sánchez found them and went to beat them, fighting the Battle of Almolonga . In the combat Guerrero was injured and Epitacio died on the battlefield . However, despite the imperialist victory, the insurrection in the state of Oaxaca became unstoppable.
Defection of Iturbide and Mata House Plan
In Veracruz, things became difficult for the imperialists, General Echávarri opposed that the Jalapa prisoners were passed through their arms with their jackets upside down and in Chiapas Colonel Felipe Codallos refused to shoot the officers after decimating the insurgents
Echávarri, who had not been able to reduce Santa Anna, entered into talks with him because they both belonged to the same Masonic lodge, signing the Casa Mata Plan ; Act that called for the immediate installation of the Congress, the recognition of the sovereignty of the nation and the prohibition against the person of the emperor. On February 26, the Guadalajara garrison adhered to the plan, so Iturbide sought to start a conversation with the Veracruz rebels.
However, by the time the commissioners arrived in Jalapa, the separation suffered by the government was almost general and the pronouncements against it were happening rapidly. In Mexico City , for example, the 9 and 11 infantry corps, when they left their barracks, invaded the building of the Inquisition , where some deputies were imprisoned, released them and continued their march towards Toluca in favor of the republic without anyone harassing them.
Commanche Alliance
The next day, the 4th Cavalry Regiment, and in the immediate night the rest of the grenadiers on horseback that formed the Emperor's guard joined the rebels, keeping Iturbide with the forces that accompanied him in Ixtapaluca , where he was to cut the communications of the rebels of Puebla and prevent further defections. Iturbide then contacted the Comanche Guonique captain who had traveled to Mexico City to celebrate peace treaties with the government. The Comanche captain offered to raise 20,000 men to defeat the insurgents. However, by then the government had made such concessions to those pronounced that even with all that help it would be difficult to overcome.
Restitution of Congress and talks with the insurgents
Iturbide was then forced to restore the Congress, who in a speech ordered to provide resources to the pronounced, pointing out the points they should occupy, and then carry out an amnesty and thus forget the grievances of the past. Then he believed that that would be enough for the country to return to its tranquility, he left Ixtapaluca and went with his forces to his residence in Tacubaya . Before the demonstrations that made it impossible for the emperor to leave his room and wanted the occupation of the forces of the Liberating Army , the Revolutionary Board of Puebla decided not to recognize the Congress until it moved to a place far from the jurisdiction of the emperor.
Fall of the Empire
It is then that Iturbide abdicates, before the advance of the insurgents on the capital. But by not reaching an agreement on how it would be, the Liberating Army was about to collide with the imperial troops. Iturbide, wanting to avoid the conflict, sent the military commander of the capital, Brigadier Manuel Gómez Pedraza to Santa Marta , where General and Marquis Antonio de Vivanco had located his headquarters, to enter into an agreement with the pronounced.
In a war meeting in which Vivanco, Bravo, Echávarri, Miguel Barragán and others were, a 3-article agreement was signed on March 26 , recognizing the character that Congress would grant to Iturbide; that he was free and that he leave Tulancingo with his family escorted by General Bravo on the third day, as Iturbide had requested; and finally, that the troops that had been faithful to him until the end were considered belonging to the liberating army. Thus Iturbide withdrew with his family while the rebels entered the capital.
References
- RIVA PALACIO, Vicente (1940). Mexico through the centuries : general and complete history of the social, political, religious, military, artistic, scientific and literary development of Mexico from ancient times to the present time; work, unique in its kind. (GS López edition). Mexico.