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Paul Terry (cartoonist)

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Paul Terry
Born
Paul Houlton Terry

(1887-02-19)February 19, 1887
San Mateo, California, U.S.
DiedOctober 25, 1971(1971-10-25) (aged 84)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Occupations
  • Cartoonist
  • screenwriter
  • film director
  • film producer
Years active1915–1956
Spouse(s)Irma Terry (19??–1969; her death); 1 child
RelativesAlex Anderson (nephew)
Bill Tytla (brother)

Paul Houlton Terry (February 19, 1887 – October 25, 1971) was an American cartoonist, screenwriter, film director and producer. He produced over 1,300 cartoons between 1915 and 1956 including the many Terrytoons cartoons. His studio's most famous character is Mighty Mouse,[1] and also created Heckle & Jeckle,[2], Gandy Goose[3] and Dinky Duck.[4]

Biography

Early life

Terry was raised in San Francisco and in 1904 he began working as a news photographer and began to draw cartoons for newspapers. He contributed, along with his brother, John, to a weekly comic strip about a dog titled "Alonzo" for the San Francisco Call.[5] He later transferred to the New York Press, a newspaper in New York City.[6]

In 1914, Terry became interested in animation after seeing Winsor McCay's Gertie the Dinosaur. While still working for the newspaper, he made his first film, Little Herman, which he completed and sold to the Thanhouser film company of New Rochelle, New York in 1915.[citation needed]

Later that year, he completed his second film, Down on the Phoney Farm. There is a story, perhaps apocryphal, that Terry attempted to sell his cartoon to a producer who made a small offer for the film. When Terry told him that the offer was less than his production costs, the producer supposedly replied, "I'd had paid more if you hadn't put those pictures on there!"[citation needed]

J. R. Bray Studios

In 1916, he began working at Bray Productions, directing and producing a series of eleven Farmer Al Falfa films.[6] Before the end of the year, Terry left Bray, taking the rights to Farmer Al Falfa with him.

Paul Terry Productions

In 1917, Terry formed his own production company, "Paul Terry Productions"[6] and produced nine more animated films, including one Farmer Al Falfa film. Terry closed his studio to join the United States Army and fought in World War I.[citation needed]

Fables Pictures

In 1920, Terry entered into a partnership with Amadee J. Van Beuren, and founded Fables Pictures. During this time, he began producing a series of Aesop's Film Fables as well as new Farmer Al Falfa films under that banner. Terry experimented with the sound process in a Fable Cartoon called Dinner Time after pressure from Van Beuren, released in September 1928, two months before Walt Disney's Steamboat Willie was released in November 1928.[6]

Terry's partnership with Van Beuren lasted until 1929, when Terry and Van Beuren disagreed over the switch to producing films with sound. Terry started up the Terrytoons studio in the "K" Building in downtown New Rochelle, New York, where the Thanhouser film company, purchasers of Terry's first films, was also located. Van Beuren retained "Fables Pictures" and renamed it "Van Beuren Studios".[citation needed]

Terrytoons

Terry's Terrytoons produced a large number of animated films, including Gandy Goose, Mighty Mouse, Heckle and Jeckle, and many other lesser-known characters.[6] Theatrical distribution was at first through Educational Pictures and then, after it was acquired in 1937, through 20th Century Fox. One of his works produced during this time, called The Three Bears, gained internet fame almost 70 years later when one of its scenes became an Internet meme.

Terry was quick to adopt techniques that simplified the animation process, but he resisted "improvements" that complicated production. He was one of the first to make use of "cel animation", including animation of separate body parts. His studio was slow to switch to synchronized sound tracks and to color. He managed to keep his studio profitable while others went out of business. Terry was once quoted as saying, "Walt Disney is the Tiffany's of the business, and I am the Woolworth's."[7]

Retirement and legacy

Terry became the first major cartoon producer to package his old films for television. In 1956, Terry sold his animation studio and film library to CBS for $3.5 million and retired.[8] CBS appointed Gene Deitch, who replaced the old characters with new ones such as Clint Clobber and John Doormat.

Deitch departed after three years. After Deitch's departure, Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle returned, as well as new characters such as Deputy Dawg.[6] CBS made the Terrytoons library of films a mainstay of its Saturday morning programming and continued operating the studio, making both new theatrical films and series for television until the late 1960s.[citation needed]

Death

Terry died on October 25, 1971, aged 84,[6] in New York City. His nephew, Alex Anderson, was also an animator. Terry's wife Irma preceded him in death in 1969 at age 70. Daughter Patricia Terry-Leahy, who survives them, has her father's cremated remains in her North Carolina home.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ Hamonic, W. Gerald (2018). "Here I Come to Save the Day!: The Mouse that Saved a Cartoon Studio, 1942-1945". Terrytoons: The Story of Paul Terry and His Classic Cartoon Factory. John Libbey Publishing Ltd. pp. 207–223. ISBN 978-0861967292.
  2. ^ Hyatt, Wesley (1997). The Encyclopedia of Daytime Television. Watson-Guptill Publications. p. 210. ISBN 978-0823083152. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
  3. ^ Rovin, Jeff (1991). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Cartoon Animals. Prentice Hall Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 0-13-275561-0. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  4. ^ Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. p. 73. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  5. ^ "Stripper's Guide Obscurity of the Day: Alonzo". Strippersguide.blogspot.com. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Paul Terry". Lambiek.net. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  7. ^ Hamonic, W. Gerald (2018). Terrytoons: The Story of Paul Terry and His Classic Cartoon Factory. John Libbey Publishing Ltd. p. 168. ISBN 978-0861967292.
  8. ^ Markstein, Donald D. "Don Markstein's Toonopedia: Heckle and Jeckle". Toonopedia.com. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
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