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HMS Duguay-Trouin (1780)

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For other ships with the same name, see Duguay-Trouin (French privateer), French ship Duguay-Trouin, HMS Duguay-Trouin, Christopher (Liverpool slave ship), and Christopher (ship).

History
France
NameDuguay Trouin
NamesakeRené Duguay-Trouin
BuilderHavre
Launched1779
Captured29 January 1780
Kingdom of Great Britain
NameHMS Duguay-Trouin
Acquired29 January 1780 by capture
FateSold 30 October 1783
Great Britain
NameChristopher
OwnerJ. Bolton
AcquiredBy purchase c. end-1783
FateLost 7 September 1804
General characteristics [1]
Tons burthen242,[2][3] or 25166⁄94, or 256[3] (bm)
Length
  • Overall:86 ft 2 in (26.3 m)
  • Keel:68 ft 10+1⁄2 in (21.0 m)
Beam26 ft 3 in (8.0 m)
Depth of hold12 ft 9 in (3.9 m)
PropulsionSails
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Complement
Armament
  • Privateer:14 or 18 guns
  • HMS: 4 × 18-pounder carronades + 14 ×6-pounder guns + 10 × ½-pounder swivel guns
  • 1793:14 × 6-pounder guns[3]
  • 1797:16 × 6-pounder guns[3]
  • 1798:16 × 6-pounder guns[3]
  • 1800:16 × 6-pounder guns[3]
  • 1804:16 × 4-pounder guns[3]

HMS Duguay-Trouin was an 18-gun French privateer sloop launched in 1779 at Le Havre. Surprise captured her in 1780 and the British Royal Navy took her into service under her existing name. It sold Duguay-Trouin on 30 October 1783. She then became the West Indiaman Christopher, and later a slaver. She was lost at Charleston in September 1804.

French privateer

Duguay Trouin was a 150-tonne French privateer sloop of 168 men and 18 to 20 guns, under Pierre-Denis Ducasso.[4]

On 29 January 1780, Surprise captured Duguay Trouin off the Dodman.[5] The High Court of Admiralty condemned her on 6 March,[2] and the Royal Navy took her in, retaining her name.

Royal Navy

Commander George Stoney commissioned Duguay-Trouin in May. Then on 29 November she sailed for the Leeward Islands.[1]

Commander John Fish took command in February 1781 at Jamaica. Duguay Trouin then had a number of successes:[6]

  • On 4 March Diamond and Duguay Trouin captured the schooner Experiment, of 60 tons and 10 men. She was carrying coffee, cotton, and rum from Jacmel to Curacoa.
  • Two days later, Diamond, Pelican, and Duguay Trouin captured a schooner off Bonnaire that was carrying coffee.
  • On 25 March she ran a sloop aground and destroyed her at a spot three miles west of Laguira.
  • On 3 April she captured the schooner De Jussrow Rachel off Bonaire. She was of 60 tons, carried eight guns, and had a crew of 28 men. Her master was Goodman Bon, and her owner Isaac de Mas Chinas, of Curacoa. She had been sailing from Curacoa to Demerara with dry goods.
  • On 6 June she captured the French government brig La Comte de Vermomiett, off the east end of Hispaniola. Comte, of 40 tons and 59 men, was sailing in ballast from to Cap Francois to Philadelphia. Duguay Trouin sent her into Kingston, Jamaica.
  • Five days later Duguay Trouin captured the sloop Briliant (or Brillant), of 82 men, at sea. Briliant's master was Joseph Marsham, and her owner was "Castile", of Aux Cayes. The large crew indicates that she was a privateer.

In August, Commander Benjamin Hulke replaced Fish.[1]

On 12 February 1783, a three-ship flotilla, headed by the 28-gun corvette La Coquette under the command of the Marquis de Grasse-Briançon (nephew to Admiral Comte de Grasse) arrived at Grand Turk Island.[7] The flotilla disembarked about 400 men, drawn from four regiments, under the command of M. de Coujolles, who took control of the island without resistance.

Main article: Battle of Grand Turk

On 2 March the 44-gun HMS Resistance, under the command of Captain James King, while sailing in company with Duguay Trouin, discovered two of the French ships anchored in Turks Island passage.[8] On being spotted the two ships cut their cables and stood to the southwest, upon which Resistance gave chase. The rearmost ship, carrying 20 guns, sprang her main topmast; she surrendered after Resistance came up and fired a broadside. Resistance then gave chase to the other, and after enduring fire from her stern chasers, came alongside; La Coquette promptly surrendered.[7]

On 15 March Deguay Trouin captured Ville de Trieste.[9]

Disposal

After the American War of Independence and the war with France had ended, the Navy sold Duguay Trouin on 30 October 1783.

Christopher

One or more merchants purchased Duguay Trouin and registered her on 2 December 1784 under the name Christopher.[2] The merchant may have been the Liverpool merchant John Bolton. Christopher enters Lloyd's Register in 1786 (there is no issue for 1785), with J. Bolton owner, T. Scott, master, changing to J. Smith, and trade Liverpool-St Vincent.[10] Bolton was still Christopher's owner in 1786 in the Liverpool Registry.[2]

Captain James Smith received a letter of marque for her on 19 September 1793.[3] Under his command she captured three French vessels with produce from the West Indies, and a privateer from Martinique of 12 guns and 44 men.[11] Smith brought into St Vincent a vessel from Guadeloupe that was carrying 150 hogsheads of sugar.[12] (Whether his was one of the three French vessels already alluded to or not is impossible to say.)

Captain John Tomkinson replaced Smith on 23 October 1794, and Captain Henry Bond replaced Tomkinson on 20 July 1795 at Grenada. Robert Ramsey took command on 6 October 1797.[2] He received a letter of marque on 10 October.[3] Lloyd's Register for 1798 has J. Watson replacing "R. Rumsey" as master, and gives Christopher's trade as Liverpool-Demerara.[13] John "Matson" received a letter of marque on 29 June 1798.[3] (Matson appears to be a transcription error for Watson.)

Between 1799 and 1804 Christopher undertook five slaving voyages, almost one per year.[14]

A database of voyages by Liverpool-based slavers has John Watson gathering slaves on the Gold Coast in 1799 and carrying them to what is now British Guiana.[14] Watson gathered 390 slaves.[15] The database further reports that during the voyage command transferred to John McIsaac.[14] The Register of Shipping for 1800 gives her master's name as J. Watson, changing to "Kiswick".[16]

In 1800 the database has Christopher's master as John Roach.[14] He received a letter of marque on 1 March 1800.[3] He gathered slaves from somewhere other than the usual places that British slavers frequented, and then carried them too to British Guiana.[14]

In 1801 Christopher was almost rebuilt.[17]

In 1802 Christopher, John Hurd (or J. Hird), master, sailed to Sierra Leone. She delivered her slaves to Trinidad.[14][Note 1] Because this voyage and the next began during the Peace of Amiens, Hurd did not sail under a letter of marque.

In 1803 Christopher, John Hurd (or J. Hird), master, gathered his slaves from somewhere other than the usual places that British slavers frequented. He carried his slaves to Tortola.[14]

Robert Woodward received a letter of marque on 15 February 1804.[3] He then gathered slaves around West Central Africa and St. Helena, and carried them to South Carolina. During the voyage Christopher Eskildson replaced Woodward.[14]

Fate

The notation "Lost" appears in the Register of Shipping for 1806.[18] Lloyd's Register continued to list her with Woodward, master, Bolton, owner, and trade Liverpool-Africa to 1809,[17] though the database of slave voyages does not list her after 1804. She apparently was lost on 7 September 1804 at Charleston in the 1804 Antigua–Charleston hurricane.[19]

Notes, citations and references

Notes

  1. ^ For this and the subsequent two voyages the database gives the name of Christopher's owner as Richard Trotter Tatham.[14] The Register of Shipping and Lloyd's Register continue to carry John Bolton as owner.

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Winfield (2007), p. 289.
  2. ^ a b c d e Craig & Jarvis (1967), p. 8.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Register of Letters of Marque against France 1793-1815"; p.56 Archived July 9, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Demerliac (1996), p. 181, n°1763.
  5. ^ "No. 12141". The London Gazette. 2 December 1780. p. 2.
  6. ^ "No. 12255". The London Gazette. 22 December 1781. pp. 1–3.
  7. ^ a b Duncan. The British Trident. p. 133.
  8. ^ Duncan. The British Trident. p. 132.
  9. ^ "No. 13007". The London Gazette. 12 July 1788. p. 338.
  10. ^ Lloyd's Register (1786), Seq. №C264.
  11. ^ Williams (1897), p. 329.
  12. ^ Lloyd's List №2595.
  13. ^ Lloyd's Register (1798), Seq. №C296.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i Thomas Cozens: Liverpool Slave Ship Voyages Database
  15. ^ Williams (1897), p. 390.
  16. ^ Register of Shipping (1800), Seq. №C293.
  17. ^ a b Lloyd's Register (1809), Seq.№C457.
  18. ^ Register of Shipping (1806), Seq. №C452.
  19. ^ "Ship News". The Morning Chronicle. No. 11064. 3 November 1804.

References

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