Angus & Robertson
 | |
| Industry | Online (Specialty) |
|---|---|
| Founded | Sydney, Australia |
| Founder | David Angus, George Robertson |
| Headquarters | Sydney , Australia |
| Products | Books & DVDs |
| Owner | Booktopia |
| Website | angusrobertson.com.au |
Angus & Robertson (A&R) is a major Australian bookseller, book publisher and book printer. As book publishers, A&R has contributed substantially to the promotion and development of Australian literature.[1][2][3][4] This well known Australian brand currently exists as an online shop as part of online bookseller Booktopia. The Angus & Robertson imprint is still seen in books published by HarperCollins, a News Corporation company.
Bookselling history
The first bookstore was opened in 110½ Market Street, Sydney by Scotsman David Angus in 1884; it initially sold only secondhand books.[5] In 1886, he went into partnership with fellow Scot George Robertson. This George Robertson should not be confused with his older contemporary, George Robertson the Melbourne bookseller, who later traded as Robertson & Mullens. In 1900, David Angus, plagued by ill health, retired from the partnership to England, where he died soon after. Frederick Wymark took over a large portion of Angus's share in the company.[6]
In 1895 the company moved to 89 Castlereagh Street, Sydney. The head office of the firm was at Castlereagh Street until the 1950s. The shop was known as the "biggest bookshop in the world".[7] In 1907 the partnership was converted into a public company: Angus & Robertson Limited. In 1951 a store was established in High Commission of Australia, London, which operated until the 1970s.
In the 1950s, Angus & Robertson began the growth which led it to become Australia's first nationwide chain of bookstores. In 1977, it opened its first franchise store in the southern Sydney suburb of Hurstville. In 2006, the company had over 170 stores spread throughout the country, and it claimed that it had more than twice as many stores as Australia's next largest bookseller.[8] The firm had about 18% share in the Australian book retail market.[9]
George Robertson encouraged book collector David Scott Mitchell to convert to collecting in the then-neglected field of Australian literature. Mitchell accumulated a large collection (many bought from A&R), which ultimately formed the basis of the Mitchell Library of the State Library of New South Wales. George Robertson also encouraged businessman and collector William Dixson to collect Australian books and art. His collection ultimately formed the Dixson Library of the State Library of New South Wales.
In 2011, it closed all physical stores and became online only book retailer after 125 years of existence.
Publishing history
Angus & Robertson began publishing in 1888. Their first work was a book of verse, A Crown of Wattle, written by a Sydney solicitor, H. Peden Steel. From the early years of publishing to 1900, Angus and Robertson developed a highly successful and profitable marketing formula and mix of products: a mixture of literary publishing together with educational publishing, plus active marketing by distributing large numbers of review copies. They also published valuable reference works, including the Australian Encyclopaedia, John Alexander Ferguson's multi-volume Bibliography of Australia, and the early years of Art in Australia.[1] In 1938 A&R opened a publishing office in London.
As a publisher, Angus & Robertson has played a substantial role in shaping Australian literature by publishing, to huge sales, works by popular Australian authors such as Banjo Paterson, Henry Lawson, C. J. Dennis, Norman Lindsay, Frank Clune, Ion Idriess, Will H. Ogilvie, Colin Simpson, Arthur Upfield, Frank Dalby Davison, E. V. Timms, and children's writers Dorothy Wall and May Gibbs.
George Robertson died in 1933, and he was succeeded as publisher by Walter Cousins (to 1948) and George Ferguson (to 1971).
Printing history
To better control printing costs, and maintain a consistent quality, George Robertson bought a printing company Eagle Press in 1929, and renamed it Halstead Press (after his birthplace in Essex). Printing thus became the third tier of the Angus & Robertson business. It was Australia's leading book printer for forty years. However, the printing presses had become antiquated by the 1970s.
In the 1970s, after a corporate takeover, the printing presses were sold to John Sands. Halstead became a publishing imprint, Robertson's great grandson having acquired the logo and identity. These he passed on to the present company, Halstead Press, when it was set up in 1991.
Sydney Book Club
About 1895 or 1896, George Robertson started the Sydney Book Club (SBC), based on the principles of a lending library. It evolved out of the actions of a group of legal men who bought 100 books for reading among themselves, then sold the books back to A&R. The SBC was a great success and highly profitable, as the same book could be borrowed by post and returned many times. Fifty to 100 copies of A&R bestsellers were often available for loan. The SBC had a vast membership throughout Australia, particularly in remote rural areas. The SBC closed in 1958, as space was no longer available because of expansion of retail trade. Also, the rapid expansion of local government libraries throughout Australia offered a more localized and free service.[10]
Support for literary societies and authors
From time to time, Angus & Robertson has offered substantial support to literary societies. For example, it published the literary journal Southerly for some years. A&R has also provided incentives for promising Australian writers. For example, A&R frequently applied for federal grants to subsidise the publication of worthwhile but limited-market books. In 1993, the first A&R Bookworld Prize of $10,000 was awarded for a first book of fiction by an unpublished writer.
In 1947, the Book Collectors Society of Australia (BCSA) started publication of its monthly newsletter Biblionews. Until the 1970s, Angus & Robertson printed the newsletter free of charge, in return for the enclosure of a brochure about recent A&R publications. Eric Russell, an editor at Angus & Robertson (and local historian), was a consistent supporter of, and committee member of, the BCSA.
Recent ownership
In the 1960s, a battle for control of Angus & Robertson commenced, based on its extensive property holdings. Scottish publisher William Collins bought a significant defensive shareholding, acting on behalf of worried British publishers, as A&R comprised a significant proportion of their Australian sales. In 1970, entrepreneur Gordon Barton, via his Ipec transport company, made a takeover offer, and soon had effective control. Many of the old staff resigned, and a long period of rapid change followed, in which mass-market books became increasingly preferred, instead of high-brow literature. Richard Walsh was managing director and publisher for 14 years (1972 to 1986).[11] In 1981 A&R was purchased by News Limited.[12]
Since 1977, the publisher has been a separate company under separate ownership from the bookseller. In 1989, Angus & Robertson Publishing was included in the merger of William Collins and Harper & Row, to form HarperCollins.
Ownership of the company has changed several times since the 1970s. In 1978, the retail bookselling arm was purchased by Gordon & Gotch who invested substantial funds in upgrading and expanding the stores, including a major new store in Sydney's Imperial Arcade. When Gordon & Gotch was taken over by Herald & Weekly Times the business was sold to music retailer Brashs who also bought Terry Herbert's Queensland-based Bookworld. For several years the company went by the name Angus & Robertson Bookworld before eventually dropping Bookworld as part of the name. Ownership of the company then passed on to Whitcoulls which was itself later purchased by WH Smith in 2001.
From 2009, Angus & Robertson was under the portfolio of REDgroup Retail, a retail operations company owned by Pacific Equity Partners, a private equity company, which loaded A&R with large debts. In February 2011, REDGroup (including the Borders, Angus & Robertson and Whitcoulls chains) were placed into administration.[13] Retail stores were closed, and the website was sold to media conglomerate Pearson, which also owns Penguin Books, and operations were moved from Sydney to Melbourne.[14] In 2012 the Borders website was rebranded "Bookworld", but the Angus & Robertson website (still widely known) was retained as a clone of Bookworld.
The chain of remainder bookshops named A&R Bargain Books is not connected to Angus & Robertson.
In August 2015, Angus & Robertson joined with sister company Bookworld to form Angus & Robertson Bookworld under new owners Booktopia, and returned to its roots by moving its base of operation from Melbourne back to Sydney.[15]
Demand for payment from smaller publishers
In August 2007, A & R Whitcoulls Group's commercial manager, Charlie Rimmer, demanded payments ranging between $2,500 and $20,000 from smaller distributors and publishers to make up for reduced profitability compared to other suppliers. The letter, leaked by Tower Books to the public, claimed that if the payment was not made, the books from the supplier would no longer be sold in A&R stores. Many publishers expressed disbelief at A&R's decision. Tower declared that they will withdraw supply for A&R as per the letter's requirement.[16]
In response to the situation, Dave Fenlon, Chief Operating Officer at Angus & Robertson, responded by claiming that the whole situation is blown up out of proportion and that A&R is simply negotiating a new business agreement with selected suppliers deemed to not be meeting their obligations to the company and that Angus & Robertson is committed to selling Australian published books from a large range of Australian publishers, large and small.[17]
References
- ^ a b Alison, Jennifer (2001). "Publishers and editors: Angus & Robertson, 1888–1945". In: The History of the Book in Australia 1891–1945. (Edited by Martyn Lyons & John Arnold), pp. 27–36. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
- ^ Alison, Jennifer (2009). Doing Something for Australia: George Robertson and the early years of Angus & Robertson, Publishers, 1888–1900. Bibliographical Society of Australia and New Zealand Occasional Publication no 9.
- ^ Barker, A. W. (editor) (1982). Dear Robertson: Letters to an Australian publisher. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. ISBN 0207146683.
- ^ Kent, Jacqueline (2002). A Certain Style: Beatrice Davis, a Literary Life. Melbourne: Penguin Books. ISBN 0143000675. Davis was the senior editor at A&R for many years.
- ^ "Angus & Robertson". State Library of New South Wales. Archived from the original on 23 May 2006. Retrieved 6 July 2006.
- ^ Wymark, Marjorie. "Wymark, Frederick Victor Grey (1872–1942)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ "15. Q. I have a question about Angus & Robertson Publishers and 16. Q. What's the history of Angus & Robertson?". Frequently Asked Questions. Angus and Robertson. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 6 July 2006.
- ^ "About Angus and Robertson". Angus and Robertson. Archived from the original on 23 August 2006. Retrieved 6 July 2006.
- ^ Pacific Equity Partners Archived August 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Sydney Book Club. Fragment [Angus & Robertson house magazine], no 11, p. 6 (June, 1959).
- ^ Everingham, Sam (2009). Gordon Barton: Australia's Maverick Entrepreneur. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 978-1741-752434.
- ^ News to buy A and R Canberra Times 2 May 1981 page 19
- ^ Greenblat, Eli (17 February 2011). "Borders, Angus & Robertson go bust". The Age. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
- ^ "Borders, Angus & Robertson websites snapped up by educational publisher Pearson Australia". Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
- ^ "Tome raider: Booktopia buys Bookworld and Angus & Robertson". smartcompany.com.au. 3 August 2015.
- ^ "Angus & Robertson throws the book at publishers". Crikey. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007.
- ^ "Angus & Robertson setting the record straight". Crikey. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007.
External links
Media related to Angus & Robertson at Wikimedia Commons- Official website
