Barbourofelidae

Barbourofelidae Temporal range: Miocene,
Barbourofelis loveorum at the Florida Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Suborder:	Feliformia
Family:	†Barbourofelidae Schultz, et al., 1970
Genera
†Ginsburgsmilus †Syrtosmilus †Vampyrictis †Oriensmilus Tribe †Afrosmilini †Afrosmilus †Prosansanosmilus Tribe †Barbourofelini †Albanosmilus †Barbourofelis †Sansanosmilus

Barbourofelidae is an extinct family of carnivorans of the suborder Feliformia that lived in North America, Eurasia and Africa during the Miocene epoch (16.9—9.0 million years ago) and existed for about 7.9 million years.

Taxonomy

The type genus, Barbourofelis, was originally described by Schultz et al. (1970) and assigned to a new tribe, Barbourofelini, within the felid subfamily Machairodontinae, along with the other sabre-toothed cats. Subsequently, the tribe was reassigned to the Nimravidae by Tedford (1978) and raised subfamily by Bryant (1991). However, a number of studies in the early 2000s identified a closer affinity of the barbourofelines to the Felidae than to the Nimravidae and they were reranked as a distinct family by Morlo et al. (2004) Since then the prevailing view has the barbourofleids as the sister group to the Felidae, although this has recently by challenged following the description of the middle Miocene genus Oriensmilus from northern China, which provided evidence, mainly based on basicranial morphology, that barbourofelids may be more closely related to nimravids than to felids.

Barbourofelids first appear in the fossil record in the Early Miocene of Africa. By the end of the Early Miocene, a land bridge had opened between Africa and Eurasia, allowing for a faunal exchange between the two continents. Barbourofelids migrated at least three times from Africa to Europe. While the genus Sansanosmilus evolved in Europe, barbourofelids also migrated through Eurasia and reached North America by the late Miocene, represented there solely by the genus Barbourofelis.

Classification

Family †Barbourofelidae

Tribe	Image	Genus	Species
		†Ginsburgsmilus (Morales, Salesa, Pickford, & Soria; 2001)	†G. napakensis
		†Syrtosmilus	†S. syrtensis
		†Vampyrictis	†V. vipera
†Afrosmilini		†Afrosmilus	†A. africanus †A. hispanicus †A. turkanae
		†Prosansanosmilus (Heizmann, Ginsburg, & Bulot; 1980)	†P. eggeri †P. peregrinus
†Barbourofelini		†Albanosmilus (Kretzoi, 1929)	†A. jourdani †A. whitfordi
		†Barbourofelis (Schultz, Schultz & Martin; 1970)	†B. loveorum †B. morrisi †B. fricki †B. piveteaui
		†Sansanosmilus (Kretzoi, 1929)	†S. palmidens

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of Barbourofelidae are shown in the following cladogram:

†Barbourofelidae

†Vampyrictis  †Vampyrictis vipera  †Syrtosmilus  †Syrtosmilus syrtensis  †Ginsburgsmilus  †Ginsburgsmilus napakensis  †Afrosmilini   †Afrosmilus  †Afrosmilus africanus †Afrosmilus hispanicus †Afrosmilus turkanae  †Prosansanosmilus  †Prosansanosmilus eggeri †Prosansanosmilus peregrinus  †Barbourofelini   †Sansanosmilus  †Sansanosmilus palmidens  †Albanosmilus  †Albanosmilus jourdani †Albanosmilus whitfordi  †Barbourofelis  †Barbourofelis loveorum †Barbourofelis morrisi †Barbourofelis fricki †Barbourofelis piveteaui