Sigaus
| Sigaus | |
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| Genus: | Sigaus Hutton, 1897[1]
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| Species | |
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Sigaus australis | |
The genus Sigaus is endemic to New Zealand and with all but one species endemic to the South Island. Sigaus piliferus is currently the only representative of the endemic grasshopper genera found in the North Island. There are eight species within this genus[2][3]. All species are flightless and many have colouration to camouflage against rocky ground. Sigaus minutus and S. childi are threatened species[4].
The genus Sigaus is distinguished from other genera within this family in New Zealand by the distinctive structures of the male genitalia. The epiphallus lophi are saddle-like in shape with the mesal protuberance of the lophus having a smooth, rounded outline. These structures are internal of the male genitalia.[5] However, the genus is not monphyletic with respect to other New Zealand grasshoppers.[6]
The taxonomy of New Zealand endemic grasshoppers was substantially revised by Bigelow in 1967.[2] This review was mostly based on the female genitalia.
| Sigaus australis | Sigaus campestris | Sigaus childi | Sigaus homerensis | Sigaus minutus | Sigaus piliferus | Sigaus obelisci | Sigaus takahe | Sigaus villosus | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Photograph |  |
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| Elevation[7] | 1,300-1,700 m (4,300-5,600 ft) |
400-1,500 m (1,300-4,900 ft) |
200–500 m (660-1,600 ft) |
900-1,000 m (3,000-3,300 ft) |
300–800 m (980-2,600 ft) |
1,600-1,800 m (5,200-5,900 ft) |
1,000-1,400 m (5,900-6,900 ft) |
1,800-2,100 m (5,900-6,900 ft) | |
| Described[8] | 1897[1] Hutton |
1897 Hutton |
1999[9] Jamieson |
2003[10] Morris |
1967[11] Bigelow |
1897 Hutton |
1967 Bigelow |
2003 Morris |
1950[12] Salmon |
| Habitat[13] | Tussock grasslands | Dry rocky hillsides/ Tussock grasslands |
Dry rocky hillsides | Tussock grasslands | Fluvial outwashs | Tussock grasslands | Alpine lichen fields | Tussock grasslands | Srcees |
| Polymorphism[14] | Highly crypsis | Highly crypsis | Highly crypsis | 2 | Highly crypsis | Highly crypsis | 1 | ||
| Regions | Canterbury Otago |
Canterbury Otago Southland |
Otago | Southland | Canterbury | Waikato Gisborne Hawke's Bay Manawatū-Whanganui Wellington |
Otago | Southland | Canterbury |
| Size[15] | Medium | Medium/large | Medium | Medium | Very small | Large | Large | Medium | Large |
| Threaten[16] | Not threaten | Not threaten | Nationally Critical | Range Restricted | Nationally Endangered | Range Restricted | Range Restricted | Not threaten | |
| Wings[17] | Micropterous 2–3 mm |
Micropterous 2–3 mm |
Micropterous 1–2 mm |
Micropterous 2–3 mm |
Micropterous 1 mm |
Micropterous 3–4 mm |
Micropterous 3–4 mm |
Micropterous 2–4 mm |
References
- ^ a b Hutton, F.W. 1897: "The grasshoppers and locusts of New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands". Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 30: 135-50
- ^ a b Bigelow, R.S. 1967. The Grasshoppers of New Zealand, Their Taxonomy and Distribution. University of Canterbury, Christchurch. p. 60.
- ^ Jamieson, Colleen D. (1999). "A new species of Sigaus from Alexandra, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 26 (1): 43–48. doi:10.1080/03014223.1999.9518176. ISSN 0301-4223.
- ^ Trewick, S. A.; Morris, S. J.; Johns, P. M.; Hitchmough, R. A.; Stringer, I. A.N. (2012). "The conservation status of New Zealand Orthoptera". New Zealand Entomologist. 35 (2): 131–136. doi:10.1080/00779962.2012.686318. ISSN 0077-9962.
- ^ Morris, S.J. 2002: Identification guide to grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Central Otago and Mackenzie Country. DOC Science Internal Series 26. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 17 p.
- ^ Koot, Emily M.; Morgan-Richards, Mary; Trewick, Steven A. (2020). "An alpine grasshopper radiation older than the mountains, on Kā Tiritiri o te Moana (Southern Alps) of Aotearoa (New Zealand)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 147: 106783. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106783. ISSN 1055-7903.
- ^ Species prefer altitude.
- ^ The author and year the species was described.
- ^ A new species of Sigaus from Alexandra, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 26: 43-48.
- ^ Morris, S.J. 2003: "Two new species of Sigaus from Fiordland, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae)". New Zealand entomologist, 26: 65–74. PDF Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Bigelow, R.S. 1967: The Grasshoppers of New Zealand, Their Taxonomy and Distribution. University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
- ^ Salmon, J.T. 1950: A new species of Acrididae (Insecta: Orthoptera) from New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Vol. 78, Part 1, page 69, February 1950
- ^ Species prefer habitat.
- ^ The number of colour morphs known for adults of this species.
- ^ Size for adult males: Small less than 6 mm; Medium 6-30 mm & Large greater than 30 mm.
- ^ Base on the New Zealand Threat Classification System
- ^ Species wing length.
External links
