Ecclesiastes 6

Ecclesiastes 6
Ecclesiastes 6
← chapter 5 chapter 7 →
	Ecclesiastes 6:3-8 in Dead Sea Scroll 4Q109 from Qumran Cave 4.
Book	Book of Ecclesiastes
Category	Ketuvim
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	21

Ecclesiastes 6 is the sixth chapter of the Book of Ecclesiastes in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.^[1]^[2] The book contains philosophical speeches by a character called '(the) Qoheleth' (="the Teacher"), composed probably between the 5th to 2nd century BC.^[3] Peshitta, Targum, and Talmud attribute the authorship of the book to King Solomon.^[4] This chapter deals with wealth and insatiability.^[5]

Text

The original text was written in Hebrew. This chapter is divided into 12 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[6]^[a] Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls 4QQoh^a (4Q109; 175-150 BCE; extant verses 1?, 3-8, 12).^[8]^[9]^[10]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^A; 5th century).^[11] The Greek text is probably derived from the work of Aquila of Sinope or his followers.^[3]

Wealth and its insecurity (6:1–6)

This section focuses on the theme of wealth, to whom God gives it and its trappings, that the rich may live long and have much, but may die unsatisfied and unmourned,^[12] while someone else would ultimately enjoy the riches; therefore, they are worse off than the stillborn child, which at least finds rest (verse 6).^[13]

Insatiable longing (6:7–9)

While people work to earn a living, Qoheleth argues that they are left unsatisfied because of the unanswered important questions: what is the point of wisdom, and what reason is there for the poor to find a role in life to improve one's lot?^[13]^[12] Verse 9 advises for contentment,^[12] because the desire to find answers beyond the obvious is seen as "vanity" (hebel).^[13]

Verse 7

All the labour of man is for his mouth, and yet the appetite is not filled.^[14]

"Appetite" is translated from Hebrew: נפש, nephesh,^[15] which can also mean "soul, creature, living being, desire".^[16] Its insatiability is portrayed like "Sheol", the realm of death in Hebrew Bible (cf. Isaiah 5:14; Habakkuk 2:5; Proverbs 27:20; 30:16}}.^[17]

An Impasse (6:10–12)

This part starts a passage that ends in 7:13–14, insisting that 'no one knows what is good for humanity'.^[18] Everything has been defined, so humans are inherently incapable of contesting a cause with the mightier one (verse 10).^[13]

Verse 10

Whatever happens, it has already been given a name,

and it is known what man is;

he cannot contend with Him who is stronger than he.^[19]

"Name" denotes 'character'.^[20] All have settled characters: the world (whatever happens/whatever exists), man and God (one who is stronger than he).^[20]
"Him who is stronger": from Hebrew word שהתקיף, but read as shetaqîp̄,^[21] which, despite the passive verb form, clearly points to God who designates and has knowledge.^[18]

Notes

^ Since 1947 the whole book is missing from Aleppo Codex.^[7]

References

^ Halley 1965, p. 275.
^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
^ ^a ^b Weeks 2007, p. 423.
^ Jastrow, Morris; Margoliouth, David Samuel (1901–1906). "Ecclesiastes, Book of". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
^ Eaton 1994, pp. 614–615.
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
^ P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
^ Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill. pp. 747. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editorlink= ignored (|editor-link= suggested) (help)
^ Dead sea scrolls - Ecclesiastes.
^ Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 43. ISBN 9780802862419. Retrieved February 15, 2019. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
^ ^a ^b ^c Eaton 1994, p. 614.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Weeks 2007, p. 425.
^ Ecclesiastes 6:7 KJV
^ Hebrew Text Analysis: Ecclesiastes 6:7. Biblehub
^ Strong's Concordance: Hebrew 5315 nephesh. Biblehub
^ Coogan 2007, p. 950 Hebrew Bible.
^ ^a ^b Coogan 2007, p. 951 Hebrew Bible.
^ Ecclesiastes 6:10 MEV
^ ^a ^b Eaton 1994, p. 615.
^ Hebrew Text Analysis: Ecclesiastes 6:10. Biblehub

Sources

Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Eaton, Michael A. (1994). "Ecclesiastes". In Carson, D. A.; France, R. T.; Motyer, J. A.; Wenham, G. J. (eds.). New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition (4, illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Inter-Varsity Press. pp. 609–618. ISBN 9780851106489. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editorlink= ignored (|editor-link= suggested) (help)
Halley, Henry H. (1965). Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary (24th (revised) ed.). Zondervan Publishing House. ISBN 0-310-25720-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Weeks, Stuart (2007). "20. Ecclesiastes". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 423–429. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

External links

Jewish translations:
- Kohelet – Ecclesiastes - Chapter 6 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
Christian translations:
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
Ecclesiastes Chapter 6 King James Version
Ecclesiastes public domain audiobook at LibriVox Various versions

[8] Since 1947 the whole book is missing from Aleppo Codex.^[7]

[FOOTNOTEHalley1965275-1] Halley 1965, p. 275.

[Holman-2] Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.

[FOOTNOTEWeeks2007423-3] Weeks 2007, p. 423.

[4] Jastrow, Morris; Margoliouth, David Samuel (1901–1906). "Ecclesiastes, Book of". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.

[FOOTNOTEEaton1994614–615-5] Eaton 1994, pp. 614–615.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-6] Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.

[nce2-bible-7] P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362

[9] Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill. pp. 747. ISBN 9789004181830. Retrieved May 15, 2017. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editorlink= ignored (|editor-link= suggested) (help)

[10] Dead sea scrolls - Ecclesiastes.

[11] Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 43. ISBN 9780802862419. Retrieved February 15, 2019. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-12] Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.

[FOOTNOTEEaton1994614-13] Eaton 1994, p. 614.

[FOOTNOTEWeeks2007425-14] Weeks 2007, p. 425.

[15] Ecclesiastes 6:7 KJV

[16] Hebrew Text Analysis: Ecclesiastes 6:7. Biblehub

[17] Strong's Concordance: Hebrew 5315 nephesh. Biblehub

[FOOTNOTECoogan2007950_Hebrew_Bible-18] Coogan 2007, p. 950 Hebrew Bible.

[FOOTNOTECoogan2007951_Hebrew_Bible-19] Coogan 2007, p. 951 Hebrew Bible.

[20] Ecclesiastes 6:10 MEV

[FOOTNOTEEaton1994615-21] Eaton 1994, p. 615.

[22] Hebrew Text Analysis: Ecclesiastes 6:10. Biblehub

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[a]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[7]