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James G. Blunt

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For the British musician, see James Blunt.
James G. Blunt
Brig. Gen. James G. Blunt
ca. 1862
Born(1826-07-21)July 21, 1826
Trenton, Maine
DiedJuly 27, 1881(1881-07-27) (aged 55)
Washington, D.C.
Place of burial
Mount Muncie Cemetery, Leavenworth, Kansas
AllegianceUnited States of America
Union
Service / branchUnited States Army
Union Army
Years of service1861–1865
Rank Major General
CommandsArmy of Kansas
Army of the Frontier
District of the Frontier
Battles / warsAmerican Civil War
Other workphysician, attorney

James Gillpatrick[1] (or Gilpatrick)[2] Blunt (July 21, 1826 – July 27, 1881) was a physician and abolitionist who rose to the rank of major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was defeated by Quantrill's Raiders at the Battle of Baxter Springs in Kansas in 1863, but is considered to have served well as a division commander during Price's Raid in Missouri, which occurred in 1864.

Early life & career

Blunt was born in Trenton, Maine to John Blunt and Sally Gilpatrick Blunt[2] Blunt lived and worked on his family farm until he was 14. He may have spent some time at the Ellsworth Military Academy in Ellsworth, Maine.[3] He became a sailor on a merchant vessel when he was 15, and attained the rank of captain at 20.

In 1845 Blunt moved to Columbus, Ohio, where he enrolled in Starling Medical College. His maternal uncle, Dr. Rufus Gilpatrick, was one of the instructors. Graduating in February 1849, Blunt moved to New Madison, Ohio and started a practice. On January 15, 1850 he married Nancy G. Putman.[4] Blunt practiced medicine and took an active role in county politics as a member of the Republican Party.[4]

Kansas career

In 1856 Blunt and his family relocated to Anderson County, Kansas, following his uncle who had moved there several years earlier. He soon became involved in the conflict before the Civil War known as Bleeding Kansas, when abolitionist and slavery forces battled to control the territory. During a confrontation with the pro-slavery territorial government in 1857, Blunt joined a force including Jim Lane and abolitionist John Brown.[5] Blunt was a key member of the Wyandotte constitutional convention that framed the Kansas state constitution in 1859, and served as chair of the committee on militia.[6]

Civil War

At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Blunt was appointed lieutenant colonel of the 3rd Regiment Kansas Volunteer Infantry, a part of James Lane's Kansas Brigade, an irregular partisan force not accepted into the Union Army until reorganized in April 1862.[7][8] In April 1862, Blunt was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and given command of the Department and Army of Kansas. He ordered Colonel William Weer to lead the "Indian Expedition" in 1861 which succeeded in occupying Fort Gibson and arming three regiments of Native Americans. Blunt's forces were defeated in the First Battle of Newtonia, and the Army of Kansas was incorporated into the Army of the Frontier as the 1st Division. Blunt led his division of Cherokee and Kansas volunteers to victory at the Battle of Old Fort Wayne. In December 1862, Blunt's division was joined by the 2nd Division under Francis J. Herron. The combined forces met Confederates under Thomas C. Hindman at the Battle of Prairie Grove. While tactically a draw, the battle was a strategic victory for the Union.

Blunt was appointed major general of volunteers on March 16, 1863.[9] He was the only officer from Kansas to achieve that rank during the war.[10] He established Fort Baxter (also known as Fort Blair) in May 1863 near Baxter Springs, Kansas.

Blunt was appointed to command the District of the Frontier. He campaigned for control of the Indian Territory and won a victory at the Battle of Honey Springs, bringing much of the Indian Territory into Union control. In October 1863, while moving his headquarters from Fort Scott to Fort Smith, Blunt and his detachment were attacked by a Confederate force under William C. Quantrill. At the Battle of Baxter Springs Quantrill's Raiders routed and killed over 80 of Blunt's 100 escorts, including his adjutant Major Henry Curtis, son of Major General Samuel Curtis. These actions led to Blunt's removal from command of the District of the Frontier.

In 1864, Blunt was able to redeem himself. Confederate Maj. Gen. Sterling Price began an invasion of Missouri and Blunt took command of the 1st Division of Army of the Border. He and the cavalry under Alfred Pleasonton fought delaying actions until Samuel R. Curtis brought the full strength of the army together and inflicted a defeat on Price at the Battle of Westport. Blunt's division inflicted the final defeat to Price at the Second Battle of Newtonia. Blunt commanded the District of South Kansas when the war ended.

Post-war life and death

James G. Blunt in a post-war portrait

After the war, Blunt settled with his family in Leavenworth, Kansas and resumed his medical practice; he also was admitted to the Kansas bar as a lawyer. He moved to Washington, D.C. in 1869 where he practiced his new profession.[11]

In 1873, Blunt was accused by the Department of Justice of conspiracy to defraud the government and a body of Cherokee Indians in North Carolina.[12] Earlier he had been cited in the 41st Congress's investigation of the Department of Indian Affairs, for charging Western tribes exorbitant (40% to 50%) lobbying fees for payments due them.[13]

Blunt's behaviour became erratic in 1879 when he was 53, and he was committed to an asylum. He died two years later, with the cause of death given as "softening of the brain." His body was returned to Leavenworth and is buried in the Mount Muncie Cemetery.[14]

James Blunt features briefly in Rifles for Watie, a novel by Harold Keith about a young Union soldier from Kansas fighting the Civil War in Indian Territory and the surrounding states. It includes a description of the Battle of Prairie Grove.

See also

References

  1. ^ James G. Blunt, "General Blunt's Account of His Civil War Experiences", Kansas Historical Quarterly, May 1932, (Vol. 1, No. 3), p. 211
  2. ^ a b Collins, Robert, General James G. Blunt: Tarnished Glory, Pelican Publishing, 2005, p. 15
  3. ^ Collins, 2005, p. 16
  4. ^ a b Collins, Robert, General James G. Blunt: Tarnished Glory, Pelican Publishing, 2005, p. 17
  5. ^ Collins, 2005, pp. 19-21
  6. ^ Collins, 2005, pp. 25-26
  7. ^ Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. ISBN 978-0-8071-0822-2. pp. 37–38.
  8. ^ Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1. p.135.
  9. ^ Warner, Ezra, Generals in Blue, LSU Press, 2002, page 38
  10. ^ Collins, Robert, General James G. Blunt: Tarnished Glory, Pelican Publishing, 2005, page 11
  11. ^ Collins, 2005, p. 218
  12. ^ "Kansas Historical Quarterly". Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  13. ^ U.S. Congress. "House Reports, 41st Congress, 3d Session, 1871". congressional.proquest.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ Collins, 2005, pp. 220-222
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Military offices
Preceded by Commander of the Army of the Frontier
1863 		Succeeded by
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