Rikissa Birgersdotter
| Rikissa Birgersdotter | |
|---|---|
| Queen consort of Norway | |
| Tenure | 1251–1257 |
| Born | c. 1237 Sweden |
| Died | after 1288 |
| Spouse | Haakon Haakonson Henry I of Werle |
| Issue | Sverre of Norway Henry II of Werle Nicholas of Werle-Güstrow Rixa, Duchess of Brunswick-Göttingen |
| House | House of Bjelbo |
| Father | Birger Magnusson of Bjelbo |
| Mother | Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden |
Rikissa Birgersdotter, also known as Rixa, Richeza, Richilda and Regitze, (c. 1237 – after 1288), was Queen of Norway as the wife of the co-king Haakon Haakonson, and then Princess of Werle as wife of Henry I.
Biography
Rikissa Birgersdotter was born as one of the eldest children in the marriage of lord Birger Magnusson of Bjelbo, later riksjarl and regent of Sweden, and Princess Ingeborg Eriksdotter of Sweden, eldest sibling of king Eric XI of Sweden.
Rikissa's parentage is historically well attested, contrary to that of her supposed younger sisters. Rikissa received her name in honor of her maternal grandmother, the late Rikissa of Denmark, queen of Sweden – the Scandinavian custom was to give names of deceased grandmothers to daughters of a family, and a first-born daughter was usually christened as namesake of maternal grandmother, if she was no longer alive.
In 1250, her uncle, King Eric, died without heirs and her brother, the underaged Valdemar of Sweden became king through his mother, and her father Jarl Birger became regent of Sweden. Jarl Birger's policy included efforts to keep the peace between Scandinavia's three kingdoms and to strengthen his own already powerful family's influence. Thus his legitimate children were all considered de facto (practically) Swedish princes and princesses through their mother and through Birger's own royal ancestry.[1]
In 1251, Rikissa was married to the heir of Norway, Haakon Haakonson (1232–1257), titular king of Norway and co-ruler along his father king Haakon IV of Norway. Haakon and Rikissa had one son, Sverre, who died young (1252–1261). King Haakon died within half a decade before his father, leaving his younger brother, the future Magnus VI of Norway as Norway's heir.
In 1262, the Dowager Queen of Norway was married to Henry of Mecklenburg, Prince of Werle, (d. 1291). She had several children in her second marriage:
- Henry II of Werle (died 1308)
- Nicholas of Werle-Güstrow (died 1298)
- Rixa of Werle (died 1312) married Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen
Speculations
Chronica principum Saxonie mentions Rikissa as daughter of King of Sweden (filia regis Suecie), which title has caused consternation among later researchers. This has been explained by suggesting that:
- during king Valdemar's minority, the all-powerful regent looked like a king to the writer of that chronicle
- Rikissa was the granddaughter of a king Eric X of Sweden
- upon Valdemar's accession to the royal throne, their mother Ingeborg, through whose lineage the crown was generally perceived to have come, was regarded as queen mother, despite never having been queen regnant or queen consort.
- the term in the chronicle just refers to "royal family of Sweden".
References
- ^ Professor Jan Svanberg in Furstebilder från Folkungatid ISBN 91-85884-52-9
- Cronica Principum Saxonie, MGH SS XXV, sida 476
- Lars O. Lagerqvist (1982). "Sverige och dess regenter under 1.000 år", ("Sweden and its regents under a 1000 years") (in Swedish). Albert Bonniers Förlag AB. ISBN 91-0-075007-7.