Green-crowned brilliant

Green-crowned brilliant
	male
	female; both, Mount Totumas cloud forest, Panama
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Genus:	Heliodoxa
Species:	H. jacula
Binomial name
	Heliodoxa jacula; (Gould, 1850)
	Range of H. jacula

The green-crowned brilliant (Heliodoxa jacula) is a large, robust hummingbird that is a resident breeder in the highlands from Costa Rica to western Ecuador. It is also known as the green-fronted brilliant.^[2]

This hummingbird inhabits wet mountain forests including edges, gaps and tall second growth. It occurs typically between 700 and 2,000 m (2,300 and 6,600 ft) in altitude, mainly on the Caribbean slopes.

The nest is a bulky cup of plant fibres and scales of tree ferns saddled on a thin downsloping branch. The female alone incubates the two white 16.5 by 11 mm (0.65 by 0.43 in) eggs.^[3]

The male green-crowned brilliant is 13 cm (5.1 in) long and weighs 9.5 g (0.34 oz). It is mainly bronze-green with a glittering green crown, forehead, throat and breast. It has a white spot behind the eye, a small violet-blue throat patch, white thighs, and a deeply forked blue-black tail.

The female is 12 cm (4.7 in) long and weighs 8 g (0.28 oz). She differs from the male in that she has green-spotted white underparts, a white spot behind the eye and a white stripe below the eye, and a white-cornered shallowly-forked black tail. Young birds resemble the adult of the same sex, but are duller, bronze-tinged below and have buff throats.

The green-crowned brilliant has a loud squeaky kyew call.

This hummingbird feeds at the large inflorescences of Marcgravia vines, which the male will sometimes defend. It will also feed at Heliconia and other large flowers. Unlike many hummingbirds, the green-crowned brilliant almost always perches to feed.

composite showing effect of light reflection on colour of male's gorge, Mount Totumas cloud forest, Panama
juvenile

References

^ BirdLife International (2012). "Heliodoxa jacula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help){{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
^ Stiles, F.G. (2013) [1999]. del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Green-fronted Brilliant (Heliodoxa jacula)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
^ Sánchez, Julio E.; Mulvihill, Robert S.; Master, Terry L. (2000). "First description of the nest and eggs of the Green-crowned Brilliant (Heliodoxa jacula), with behavioral notes" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropical. 11 (3). Sociedad de Ornitología Neotropical: 189–196.

Stiles, F. Gary; Skutch, Alexander F. (1989). A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica. Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN 0-8014-9600-4.

External links

"Green-fronted brilliant media". Internet Bird Collection.
Green-crowned brilliant photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
Green-crowned brilliant species account at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)

[1] BirdLife International (2012). "Heliodoxa jacula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help){{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)

[Stiles-2] Stiles, F.G. (2013) [1999]. del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Green-fronted Brilliant (Heliodoxa jacula)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 24 July 2014.

[Sanchez-3] Sánchez, Julio E.; Mulvihill, Robert S.; Master, Terry L. (2000). "First description of the nest and eggs of the Green-crowned Brilliant (Heliodoxa jacula), with behavioral notes" (PDF). Ornitologia Neotropical. 11 (3). Sociedad de Ornitología Neotropical: 189–196.

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