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Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver

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The Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver (traditional Chinese: 加拿大溫哥華中華會館; simplified Chinese: 加拿大温哥华中华会馆; pinyin: Jiānádà Wēngēhuá Zhōnghuá Huìguǎn; Cantonese Yale: Gāanàahdaai Wāngōwàh Jūngwàah Wuigún[1]) is a Chinese Canadian organization headquartered in Vancouver. As of 2006 it has 2,000 members and serves as a federation of various Vancouver-based Chinese organizations.[2] Douglas Aitken of The Georgia Straight stated that the CBA was the most important organization operating in the Vancouver Chinatown in the first half of the 20th century.[3] The Vancouver Sun wrote "They were, for all intents and purposes, the government of Chinatown."[2]

History

Wong Soon King, Lee Kee, Shum Moon, Yip Sang, Leong Suey, and Chow Tong founded the CBA in 1896.[4] Ten years later the CBA received a designation as a nonprofit organization.[5] Willmott wrote that the CBA's role as a federation of multiple locality associations in Vancouver did not correspond "to the reality of power groupings within the Chinese community in Vancouver" and that it was unlike other Canadian benevolent associations; Willmott concluded that the Vancouver CBA structure "probably" originated from the San Francisco CBA's structure.[6] The Vancouver CBA operated the Chinese Benevolent Association Building in Chinatown; it was built in 1907.[3] Additional association buildings opened in the 1910s and 1920s.[4] As the British Columbia Chinese population shifted to Vancouver, the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association in Victoria moved to Vancouver in the 1930s.[7]

In 1962 the association gave places in its ruling committee to representatives of every other Chinese association in the Vancouver Chinatown. This was done due to changing sociopolitical conditions;[8] Chinese in that period were finding a greater acceptance in mainstream society and new immigrants were not oriented to the older Chinatown organizations.[9] In 1964 Willmott wrote that "many Chinese", especially more assimilated Chinese, "do not recognize its right to speak for them".[6] According to Aitken, the organization "lost most of its influence" in the 1970s,[3] and the Chinese Benevolent Association of Canada split from it in 1979.[7] Aitken stated that the CBA regained influence by 2014.[3] In 1991 the president of the CBA estimated that the organization had 10,000 members; the per person membership fee was $1 and there were multiple paths to membership, so Hugh Xiaobin Tan, author of "Chinese-Canadian Associations in Vancouver," concluded that the exact membership was "difficult to determine".[7]

Activities

As of 1964 it operated a Cantonese language school, provided legal counseling services, facilitated Chinese involvement in events for the public, established welfare programs, and issued public statements intended to represent the views of the Chinese community as a whole.[6]

By 1964 Chinese Canadians were receiving proper services in the Canadian court system; in previous eras when Chinese were not well-served by the Canadian courts, the CBA served as a court of appeal for the Chinese.[6]

In response to the 2014 Hong Kong protests and the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, the CBA took out local newspaper ads that were sympathetic to the stance of the Communist Party of China and critical of the protesters.[10] The nature and verbiage of the ads raised questions of involvement by the Communist Party of China's United Front Work Department and its affiliated groups.[11][12][13][14] In September 2019, the CBA held a gala in celebration of the founding of the People's Republic of China.[15] In July 2020, the CBA issued a statement in support of the widely criticized Hong Kong national security law.[16][17][18]

Representation

The organizations represented by the CBA include the Chinese Cultural Centre (CCC), the Chinese Freemasons, the Chinatown Merchants Association, and S.U.C.C.E.S.S.[2] As of 1991 it represented 48 other groups.[7]

See also

References

Reference notes

  1. ^ "Home Archived 2015-02-26 at the Wayback Machine." Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver. Retrieved on February 23, 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "The Government of Chinatown" (Archive). The Vancouver Sun at Canada.com. November 4, 2006. Retrieved on February 23, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d Aitken, Douglas. "Faces of Vancouver: Chinese Benevolent Association and Chinese Freemasons buildings" (Archive). The Georgia Straight. January 18, 2010. Retrieved on December 26, 2014.
  4. ^ a b "1886 - 1920" (Archive). Vancouver Chinatown 1886-2011. Simon Fraser University. Retrieved on December 27, 2014.
  5. ^ "About Us" (Archive). Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver. Retrieved on February 23, 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d Willmott, W.E. "Chinese Clan Associations in Vancouver." Man, vol. lxiv no. 49 (1964), p. 33-37. -- Cited: p. 34.
  7. ^ a b c d Tan, Hugh, p. 11.
  8. ^ Willmott, W. E. "Approaches to the Study of the Chinese in British Columbia Archived 2015-01-26 at WebCite" (). BC Studies. No. 4. Spring 1970. p. 38-52. CITED: 51. See profile page Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ^ Willmott, W. E. "Approaches to the Study of the Chinese in British Columbia Archived 2015-01-26 at WebCite" (). BC Studies. No. 4. Spring 1970. p. 38-52. CITED: 50. See profile page Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ^ Vescera, Zak (2019-06-26). "Chinese societies take out pro-party ads amidst Hong Kong protests". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2019-06-27.
  11. ^ Young, Ian (2019-07-06). "Canadian ads blasted Hong Kong 'radicals'. Was China's United Front involved?". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2019-07-06. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
  12. ^ Blackwell, Tom (2019-07-09). "Open letter from Chinese-Canadian groups boosts Hong Kong government, blasts protesters". National Post. Archived from the original on 2019-07-11. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  13. ^ Bramham, Daphne (2019-08-23). "Daphne Bramham: Even in Canada, Hong Kong supporters fear retaliation | Vancouver Sun". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 2019-08-26. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  14. ^ Wood, Graeme (May 13, 2020). "Chinese-Canadians mount case against Chinese Communist Party tactics, abuses". Tri-City News. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  15. ^ Quan, Douglas (September 30, 2019). "Defence minister ripped for attending gala honouring Chinese Communist Party anniversary". National Post. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
  16. ^ Blackwell, Tom (July 18, 2020). "Vancouver group runs newspaper ad praising controversial new security law in Hong Kong". National Post. Retrieved July 18, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ^ "The Joint Statement of Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver and Hong Kong Canadians on Hong Kong Situation Association". Chinese Benevolent Association of Vancouver (in Chinese (China)). 2020-07-16. Archived from the original on 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2020-07-18.
  18. ^ Szeto, Winston (31 July 2020). "Vancouver rally highlights local divide over China's national security law in Hong Kong". CBC News. Retrieved 31 July 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

Notes

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