Hey Diddle Diddle
| "Hey Diddle Diddle" | |
|---|---|
 Illustration by William Wallace Denslow | |
| Nursery rhyme | |
| Published | c. 1765 |
| Songwriter(s) | Unknown |
| Composer(s) | Kinsley |
| Lyricist(s) | Evans |
"Hey Diddle Diddle" (also "Hi Diddle Diddle", "The Cat and the Fiddle", or "The Cow Jumped Over the Moon") is an English nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19478.[1]
Lyrics and music
A common modern version of the rhyme is
Hey Diddle, Diddle!
The cat and the fiddle,
The cow jumped over the moon;
The little dog laughed
To see such sport,
And the dish ran away with the spoon.[2]
The rhyme is the source of the English expression "over the moon", meaning "delighted, thrilled, extremely happy".[3]
The melody commonly associated with the rhyme was first recorded by the composer and nursery rhyme collector James William Elliott in his National Nursery Rhymes and Nursery Songs (1870). The word "sport" in the rhyme is sometimes replaced with "fun" or "craft". [4]
Origins
The rhyme may date back to at least the sixteenth century. Some references suggest it dates back in some form a thousand or more years: in early medieval illuminated manuscripts a cat playing a fiddle was a popular image.[5] There is a reference in Thomas Preston's play A lamentable tragedy mixed ful of pleasant mirth, conteyning the life of Cambises King of Percia, printed in 1569 that may refer to the rhyme:
They be at hand Sir with stick and fiddle;
They can play a new dance called hey-diddle-diddle.[2]
Another possible reference is in Alexander Montgomerie's The Cherry and the Slae from 1597:
But since you think't an easy thing
To mount above the moon,
Of your own fiddle take a spring
And dance when you have done.[6]
The name "Cat and the Fiddle" was a common name for inns, including one known to have been at Old Chaunge, London by 1587.[6]
The earliest recorded version of the poem resembling the modern form was printed around 1765 in London in Mother Goose's Melody with the lyrics:
Hey diddle diddle,
The Cat and the Fiddle,
The Cow jump'd over the Spoon,
The little dog laugh'd to see such Craft,
And the Fork ran away with the Spoon.[2]
Meaning
There are numerous theories about the origin of the rhyme, including: James Orchard Halliwell's suggestion that it was a corruption of ancient Greek, probably advanced as a result of a deliberate hoax; that it was connected with Hathor worship; that it refers to various constellations (Taurus, Canis Minor, etc.); that it describes the Flight from Egypt; that it depicts Elizabeth, Lady Katherine Grey, and her relationships with the earls of Hertford and Leicester; that it deals with anti-clerical feeling over injunctions by Catholic priests for harder work; that it describes Katherine of Aragon (Katherine la Fidèle); Catherine, the wife of Peter the Great; Canton de Fidèle, a supposed governor of Calais and the game of cat (trap-ball).[2] This profusion of unsupported explanations was satirised by J.R.R. Tolkien in his fictional explanations of 'The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late'.[7] Most scholarly commentators consider these to be unproven and state that the verse is probably meant to be simply nonsense.[2]
In popular culture
There are several variants of the following joke:
- A pilot returning from a mission could not locate his aircraft carrier and in addition failed to establish secure communication. So he circled around the formation and radioed: "Rub-a-dub-dub, where is my tub?" And received: "Hey Diddle Diddle! Right here in the middle!"
Some memoirs claim it was a real incident.[8][9]
In J.R.R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings the character Frodo sings a modified version of the rhyme in a pub, claiming its lyrics belong to his uncle Bilbo Baggins.[10]
In the musical Rent, Maureen performs the song "Over the Moon," which incorporates elements from the nursery rhyme, to protest the upcoming evacuation and destruction of a tent city in the East Village of New York City.[11]
See also
Notes
- ^ "Roud Folksong Index S298441 Sing hey , diddle 'diddle, the cat and the fiddle". Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. English Folk Dance and Song Society. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
- ^ a b c d e I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), pp. 203–4.
- ^ Julia Cresswell, Oxford Dictionary of Word Origins (2010, ISBN 0199547939), page 279, entry moon
- ^ J. J. Fuld, The Book of World-Famous Music: Classical, Popular, and Folk (Courier Dover Publications, 5th edn., 2000), ISBN 0486414752, p. 502.
- ^ "Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts" (Penguin Random House, 2016, 1st ed), Christopher de Hamel, p323
- ^ a b C. R. Wilson and M. Calore, Music in Shakespeare: a Dictionary (London: Continuum, 2005), ISBN 0826478468, p. 171.
- ^ S. H. Gale, Encyclopedia of British Humorists: Geoffrey Chaucer to John Cleese (London: Taylor & Francis, 1996), p. 1127.
- ^ The Escort Carriers In Action: The Story, In Pictures, Of The Escort Carrier Force, US Pacific Fleet, 1945 (public domain archive)
- ^ Bardell Robinson Bowman--MY LIFE HISTORY
- ^ Shippey, Tom (2014). The Road to Middle-Earth: How J. R. R. Tolkien Created a New Mythology. HMH. pp. 35–38. ISBN 9780547524412. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
- ^ Larson, Jonathan. (1997). Rent. McDonnell, Evelyn., Silberger, Kathy., Fink, Larry., Ferebee, Stewart., Giel, Kate. New York: Rob Weisbach Books. ISBN 0688154379. OCLC 36457954.