National Association of the Motion Picture Industry
The National Association of the Motion Picture Industry (NAMPI) was an American film industry self-regulatory body created by the Hollywood studios in 1916 to answer demands for film censorship by states and municipalities.[1][2][3] The system consisted of a series of "Thirteen Points", a list of subjects and storylines they promised to avoid.[1] However, there was no method of enforcement if a studio film violated the Thirteen Points content restrictions.[4] The NAMPI tried to prevent New York from becoming the first state with its own film censorship board in 1921, but failed.[5] NAMPI was ineffective and was replaced when the studios hired Will H. Hays to oversee the film content restrictions in 1922.[6]
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Ben Yagoda (February–March 1980). "HOLLYWOOD CLEANS UP ITS ACT". American Heritage Magazine. Vol. 31, no. 2. Archived from the original on 20 October 2006.
- ^ "American film censorship". filmreference.com. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
- ^ Butters. p. 149
- ^ Butters. p. 151.
- ^ Black. p. 30
- ^ Doherty. p. 6
References
- Black, Gregory D. Hollywood Censored: Morality Codes, Catholics, and the Movies. Cambridge University Press 1996 ISBN 0-521-56592-8
- Butters, Gerard R. Banned in Kansas: Motion Picture Censorship, 1915-1966. University of Missouri Press 2007 ISBN 978-0-8262-1749-3
- Doherty, Thomas Patrick. Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934. New York: Columbia University Press 1999. ISBN 0-231-11094-4
- Wittern-Keller, Laura. Freedom of the Screen: Legal Challenges to State Film Censorship, 1915-1981. University Press of Kentucky 2008 ISBN 978-0-8131-2451-3
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