Crotalus concolor
| Crotalus concolor | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Viperidae |
| Genus: | Crotalus |
| Species: | C. concolor
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| Binomial name | |
| Crotalus concolor Woodbury, 1929
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| Synonyms | |
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Crotalus concolor is a venomous pit viper species found in the western United States.[3][4] It is a small rattlesnake known for its faded color pattern. Other common names include midget faded rattlesnake[3], faded rattlesnake[5] and yellow rattlesnake.[citation needed]
Description
This snake grows to a maximum length of 75 cm (29+1⁄2 in). The smallest gravid female measured was 52.2 cm (20+1⁄2 in).[6]
The color pattern of this species consists of a pinkish, pale brown, yellow-brown, straw-colored, reddish, or yellow-brown ground color, overlaid with a series of brown elliptical or rectangular dorsal blotches. However, most specimens are gray or silvery. In juveniles, the pattern is distinct, but becomes faded in adults, almost to the point where it is indistinguishable from the ground color.[7]
Geographic range
Found in the United States in the Colorado and Green River basins. This area covers southwestern Wyoming, Utah east of long. 111° West (excluding the southeastern corner) and extreme west-central Colorado.[6] The type locality given is "King's Ranch, Garfield Co., at the base of the Henry Mts [Utah]."[1]
Venom
This species possesses the most toxic venom of the C. oreganus / C. viridis group, although apparently considerable variability exists among local populations.[8][clarification needed] It is even one of the most potent venoms found in North America,[9][clarification needed] and according to LD50 studies, the venom is many times more potent than that of an Asiatic cobra.[10] It is characterized by the presence of a presynaptic neurotoxin, referred to as concolor toxin, the amount of which varies in individual snakes.[11][clarification needed][12][7]
References
- ^ a b McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ Ashton KG, de Queiroz A. 2001. Molecular systematics of the western rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis (Viperidae), with comments on the utility of the d-loop in phylogenetic studies of snakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Vol. 21, No.2, pp. 176-189. PDF Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine at CNAH. Accessed 3 September 2008.
- ^ a b Crotalus concolor at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 11 December 2019.
- ^ "Crotalus oreganus concolor". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 11 August 2007.
- ^ Wright AH, Wright AA. 1957. Handbook of Snakes. Comstock Publishing Associates. (7th printing, 1985). 1105 pp. ISBN 0-8014-0463-0.
- ^ a b Klauber LM. 1997. Rattlesnakes: Their Habitats, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind. Second Edition. 2 volumes. Reprint, University of California Press, Berkeley. ISBN 0-520-21056-5.
- ^ a b Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.
- ^ Glenn and Straight, 1977, 1978.
- ^ Glenn and Straight, 1977
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Glenn and Straight, 1977, 1990
- ^ Wetstein et al., 1985
Further reading
- Hubbs, Brian, and Brendan O'Connor. 2012. A Guide to the Rattlesnakes and other Venomous Serpents of the United States. Tricolor Books. Tempe, Arizona. 129 pp. ISBN 978-0-9754641-3-7. (Crotalus oreganus concolor, pp. 32–33.)
- Woodbury, Angus M. 1929. A new rattlesnake from Utah. Bull. Univ. Utah 20 (1).