Naujawan Bharat Sabha

Naujawan Bharat Sabha (NBS, sometimes spelled Nau Jawan Bharat Sabha, with the acronym NJBS) (transl. Youth Society of India) was a left-wing Indian association that sought to foment revolution against the British Raj by gathering together worker and peasant youths. It was founded by Bhagat Singh in March 1926 and was a more public face of the Hindustan Republican Association. The organization merged with All India Youth Federation (AIYF)

The NBS comprised members from the Hindu, Muslim and Sikh communities and organised lectures, public meetings and protests. It did not gain widespread support because of its radical ideas relating to religion and to agrarian reform. Attendance at its public meetings became particularly poor after the killing of J. P. Saunders in December 1928. This killing, by Singh and others, followed from a protest against the Simon Commission in Lahore of which the NBS had been one of the organising parties. Contemporary opinion was that non-cooperation was preferable to violence as a means of achieving change.

The association was banned in July 1929 during a period when the government had imposed Section 144 to control gatherings as public support burgeoned for the imprisoned Bhagat Singh and his fellow hunger-strikers. NBS members were involved in the campaign.

At least one NBS activist, Sohan Singh Josh, was imprisoned for his role in the Meerut Conspiracy Case; he was released in November 1933. He was one of many people who were leaders simultaneously of the NBS and the Kirti Kisan Party, although the two organisations remained separate. NBS was active again by that time: earlier in the year, Karam Singh Mann, who had been converted to communism while training as a barrister in London, had organised a meeting to arrange dissemination of left-wing propaganda in rural areas. NBS was now one of the three significant left-wing groups in the Punjab, the others being the outlawed Communist Party of India (which masqueraded as the Anti-Imperialist League) and the Kirti Kisan Party. These three attempted an alliance and sought also to gather together various smaller, disparate leftist groups of the region. With varying but never great success, various working parties were despatched to co-ordinate local groups as well as document grievances, economic and political conditions in the regional districts. All associations considered to be left-wing were declared illegal under the Criminal Law Amendment Act (1908) in September 1934.

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Gupta, Amit Kumar (September–October 1997), "Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938", Social Scientist, 25 (9/10): 3–27, JSTOR 3517678
• Mittal, S. K.; Habib, Irfan (1979), "Towards Independence and Socialist Republic: Naujawan Bharat Sabha: Part One", Social Scientist, 8 (2): 18–29, doi:10.2307/3516698, JSTOR 3516698
• Mukherjee, Mridula (2004), Peasants in India's Non-Violent Revolution: Practice and Theory, SAGE Publications India, ISBN 978-8-13210-289-2
• Nair, Neeti (May 2009), "Bhagat Singh as 'Satyagrahi': The Limits to Non-violence in Late Colonial India", Modern Asian Studies, 43 (3), Cambridge University Press: 649–681, doi:10.1017/s0026749x08003491, JSTOR 20488099
• Singh, Ujjwal Kumar (2008), "Penal Strategies and Resistance in Colonial and Independent India", in Kannabiran, Kalpana; Singh, Ranbir (eds.), Challenging The Rules(s) of Law: Colonialism, Criminology and Human Rights in India, SAGE Publications, ISBN 978-8-13210-027-0

Further reading

• Chandra, Ram; Waraich, Malwinder Jit Singh (2008). History of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha. Unistar Books. ISBN 978-81-89899-61-5. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
• Chandra, Ram (1986). Naujawan Bharat Sabha and Hindustan Socialist Republican Association/Army (H.S.R.A.). Retrieved 12 July 2011.
• Gaur, Ishwar Dayal (2008). Martyr as Bridegroom: A Folk Representation of Bhagat Singh. Anthem Press. ISBN 978-81-905835-0-3.
• Sharma, Shalini (2009). Radical Politics in Colonial Punjab: Governance and Sedition. Routledge. ISBN 9781135261122.