Emu Field, South Australia
Emu Field is located in the desert of South Australia, at 28°41′54″S 132°22′17″E / 28.69833°S 132.37139°E (ground zero Totem 1 test).[1] Variously known as Emu Field, Emu Junction or Emu, it was the site of the Operation Totem pair of nuclear tests conducted by the British government in October 1953.
The site was surveyed by Len Beadell in 1952. A village and airstrip were constructed for the subsequent testing program.[2] The site was supported from the RAAF Woomera Range Complex.
Two British nuclear weapon tests were conducted at the site. Totem 1 was detonated on 15 October 1953 and Totem 2 was detonated on 27 October 1953. The devices were both sited on towers and yielded 9 kilotons and 7 kilotons respectively.[3] The site was also used in September–October 1953 for some of the Kitten series of tests, which were conventional (rather than nuclear) explosions used to evaluate neutron initiators.[citation needed]
It was later found that the radioactive cloud from the first detonation did not disperse as expected, and travelled north-east over the Australian continent.[citation needed]
The site at Emu Field was unsafe for further testing due to contamination by nuclear radiation,[4] and the search for another location led to the survey of Maralinga, where a further series of atomic tests was conducted in 1956.
There are now stone monuments at the ground-zero points, which can be visited by tourists (with the written approval of the RAAF Woomera Test Range who now control access to the area), though the location is still extremely remote (see Anne Beadell Highway). Evidence of the explosions may still be seen at ground-zero in the form of vitrified sand and concentric blast rings.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Database of nuclear tests, United Kingdom
- ^ Beadell, Len (1967). Blast The Bush. New Holland Publishers Sydney. ISBN 1 86436 736 9.
- ^ Michael Carter et al. (2006). Australian Participants in British Nuclear Tests in Australia, Vol 1: Dosimetry, Commonwealth of Australia, p.3.
- ^ "Memories of the Bureau 1946 to 1962: Atomic Weapons Tests". Federation and Meteorology. Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
External links
- "Operation Totem - 1953". Atomic Forum - An illustrated history of nuclear weapons. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2007.