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Riak

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Riak
Developer(s)Basho Technologies
Initial releaseAugust 17, 2009; 15 years ago (2009-08-17)
Stable release
3.0 / August 19, 2020; 4 years ago (2020-08-19)[1]
Repository
Written inErlang
Operating systemLinux, BSD, macOS, Solaris
PlatformIA-32, x86-64
TypeNoSQL database, cloud storage
LicenseApache License 2.0
Websiteriak.com

Riak (pronounced "ree-ack" [2]) is a distributed NoSQL key-value data store that offers high availability, fault tolerance, operational simplicity, and scalability.[3] In addition to the open-source version, it comes in a supported enterprise version and a cloud storage version.[3] Riak implements the principles from Amazon's Dynamo paper[4] with heavy influence from the CAP Theorem. Written in Erlang, Riak has fault tolerant data replication and automatic data distribution across the cluster for performance and resilience.[5]

Riak is licensed using a freemium model: open source versions of Riak and Riak CS are available, but end users can pay for additional features and support.[5]

Riak has a pluggable backend for its core storage, with the default storage backend being Bitcask.[6] LevelDB is also supported.

Main features

Fault-tolerant availability
Riak replicates key/value stores across a cluster of nodes with a default n_val of three. In the case of node outages due to network partition or hardware failures, data can still be written to a neighboring node beyond the initial three, and read-back due to its "masterless" peer-to-peer architecture.
Queries
Riak provides a REST-ful API through HTTP and Protocol Buffers for basic PUT, GET, POST, and DELETE functions. More complex queries are also possible, including secondary indexes, search (via Apache Solr), and MapReduce. MapReduce has native support for both JavaScript (using the SpiderMonkey runtime) and Erlang.
Predictable latency
Riak distributes data across nodes with hashing and can provide latency profile, even in the case of multiple node failures.
Storage options
Keys/values can be stored in memory, disk, or both.
Multi-datacenter replication
In multi-datacenter replication, one cluster acts as a "primary cluster." The primary cluster handles replication requests from one or more "secondary clusters" (generally located in other regions or countries). If the datacenter with the primary cluster goes down, a second cluster can take over as the primary cluster.
There are two primary modes of operation: fullsync and realtime. In fullsync mode, a complete synchronization occurs between primary and secondary cluster(s), by default every six hours. In real-time mode, replication to the secondary data center(s) is triggered by updates to the primary data center. All multi-datacenter replication occurs over multiple concurrent TCP connections to maximize performance and network utilization.
Tunable consistency
Option to choose between eventual and strong consistency for each bucket.

Licensing and support

Riak is available for free under the Apache 2 License. In addition, Basho Technologies offered two options for its commercial software, Riak Enterprise and Riak Enterprise Plus. Riak Enterprise Plus adds baseline and annual system health checks to ensure long-term platform stability and performance.

Language support

Riak has official drivers for Ruby, Java, Erlang and Python. There are also numerous community-supported drivers for other programming languages.[7]

History

Riak was originally written by Andy Gross and others at Basho Technologies [2] to power a web Sales Force Automation application by former engineers and executives from Akamai. There was more interest in the datastore technology than the applications built on it, so the company decided to build a business around Riak itself, gaining adoption throughout the Fortune 100 and becoming a foundation to many of the world's fastest-growing Web-based, mobile and social networking applications, as well as cloud service providers. Releases after graduation include

  • 1.1, released Feb 21 2012, added Riaknostic, enhanced error logging and reporting, improved resiliency for large clusters, and a new graphical operations and monitoring interface called Riak Control.
  • 1.4, released July 10, 2013, added counters, secondary indexing improvements, reduced object storage overhead, handoff progress reporting, and enhancements to MDC replication.
  • 2.0, released September 2, 2014, added new data types including sets, maps, registers, and flags simplifying application development. Strong consistency by bucket, full-text integration with Apache Solr, Security, and reduced replicas for Secondary sites.
  • 2.1, released April 16, 2015, added an optimization for many write-heavy workloads – “write once” buckets – buckets whose entries are intended to be written exactly once, and never updated or over-written.
  • 2.2, released November 17, 2016, added Support for Debian 8 and Ubuntu 16.04, Solr integration improvements.[8]
  • Riak may no longer be maintained by Basho [9]
  • 2.2.5, released April 26, 2018, is the first community release. Added support for Multi-Datacentre Replication which was not part of open-source Riak before, added a grow-only set data type, improved data distribution over nodes and cleaned up production test issues.[10]
  • ...
  • 2.9.0p3, released Aug 9, 2019 is the latest release.[11]

Users

Notable users include AT&T, Comcast,[12] GitHub,[12] Best Buy,[12] UK National Health Services (NHS),[13] The Weather Channel,[14] and Riot Games.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ Riak 3.0 release notes, 2020-08-19
  2. ^ a b Sheehy, Justin. "Riak 1.0 Release Party". Vimeo.
  3. ^ a b Harvey, Cynthia (23 May 2014). "60 Open Source Apps You Can Use in the Cloud". Datamation. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  4. ^ DeCandia, Giuseppe; Hastorun, Deniz; Jampani, Madan; Kakulapati, Gunavardhan; Lakshman, Avinash; Pilchin, Alex; Sivasubramanian, Swaminathan; Vosshall, Peter; Vogels, Werner (October 14–17, 2007). Dynamo: Amazon's Highly Available Key-value Store (PDF). Proceedings of 21st ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '07). Stevenson, Washington, USA: ACM. pp. 205–220. doi:10.1145/1294261.1294281. ISBN 978-1-59593-591-5. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  5. ^ a b Morgan, Timothy Prickett (7 May 2014). "Eucalyptus Scales Out AWS Cloud Clone". Enterprise Tech. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  6. ^ "Basho: Bitcask". Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  7. ^ "Riak Client Libraries and Community Code". Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  8. ^ "Riak KV 2.2.0 Release Notes". Basho. 2016-11-17. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
  9. ^ "TheRegister investigation". TheRegister.
  10. ^ "Riak KV 2.2.5 Release Notes". Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  11. ^ "Riak KV 2.9.0p3 Release Notes". Retrieved 9 Aug 2019.
  12. ^ a b c "Basho Technologies takes aim at more enterprises with upgrades". 21 February 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  13. ^ Clark, Jack (10 October 2013). "NHS tears out its Oracle Spine in favour of open source". The Register. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  14. ^ Henschen, Doug (2 June 2014). "Why Big Data Tools Are Here To Stay: InformationWeek Video". InformationWeek. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  15. ^ Ptaszek, Michal (16 January 2016). "Chat Service Architecture: Persistence". RiotGames. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
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