Arvid Noe
Arvid Darre Noe | |
|---|---|
| Born | Arne Vidar Røed 23 July 1946 |
| Died | 24 April 1976 (aged 29) |
| Cause of death | AIDS-related complications |
| Resting place | Borre Cemetery |
| Occupation(s) | Sailor, truck driver |
| Known for | First named person known to have contracted HIV |
| Children | 3 |
Arne Vidar Røed, known in medical literature as Arvid Darre Noe (23 July 1946 – 24 April 1976), was a Norwegian sailor and truck driver who contracted one of the earliest confirmed cases of HIV/AIDS. His was the first confirmed HIV case in Europe, though the disease was not identified at the time of his death. The virus spread to his wife and youngest daughter, both of whom also died; this was the first documented cluster of AIDS cases before the AIDS epidemic of the early 1980s.[1] The researchers studying the cases referred to Røed as the "Norwegian Sailor" and the anagram "Arvid Noe" to conceal his identity; his true name, Arne Vidar Røed, became known long after his death.
Illness and death
Noe began his career in the merchant navy in 1961, at the age of 15. As established by the journalist Edward Hooper, Noe visited Africa twice during his travels; the first time from 1961 to 1962 on board the Hoegh Aronde, along the west coast of Africa to Douala, Cameroon. On this trip, Noe contracted gonorrhea. By 1968, Røed was no longer a sailor and was working as a long haul truck driver throughout Europe, mainly in West Germany.
Beginning in 1968, Røed suffered from joint pain, lymphedema, and lung infections. (1968 was also the year American teenager Robert Rayford first presented with similar symptoms; he was later identified as the first North American AIDS case[2]). Røed's condition stabilized with treatment until 1975, when his symptoms worsened. He developed motor control difficulties and dementia, and died on 24 April 1976. His wife grew ill with similar symptoms and died in December. Although their two older children were not born infected, their third child, a daughter, died on 4 January 1976, at the age of eight and was the first person documented to have died of AIDS outside the United States. Røed, his wife, and his daughter were buried in Borre, Vestfold, Norway.
Later investigations
Approximately a decade after Røed's death, tests by Dr. Stig Sophus Frøland of the Oslo National Hospital concluded that blood samples from Røed, his daughter and wife all tested positive for HIV.[3]
Based on research conducted after his death, Røed is believed to have contracted HIV in Cameroon in 1961 or 1962, where he was known to have been sexually active with many African women, including prostitutes.[4] Røed was infected with HIV-1 group O, which is known to have been prevalent in Cameroon in the early 1960s.[5]
While he was a truck driver, from 1968 to 1972, Røed engaged in sexual activity with many prostitutes and almost certainly gave some HIV; these women almost certainly passed the disease on to other clients.[6]
See also
- Gaëtan Dugas — gay Canadian flight attendant who was alleged to have infected between 245 and 350 gay men from 1972 until his death in 1984, and was once called "Patient Zero" by author Randy Shilts; this claim was refuted.
- Grethe Rask — Danish physician infected in 1964 in Congo-Léopoldville (now DR Congo) or in 1972 while performing surgery; died in 1977
- Robert Rayford — American teenager from St. Louis, Missouri who was the first confirmed death from AIDS in North America; died in 1969 at the age of 16
- Timeline of early HIV/AIDS cases
References
- ^ Kreston, Rebecca (22 October 2012). "The Sea Has Neither Sense Nor Pity: the Earliest Known Cases of AIDS in the Pre-AIDS Era". www.discovermagazine.com. Discover. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
- ^ Garry RF, Witte MH, Gottlieb AA, Elvin-Lewis M, Gottlieb MS, Witte CL, Alexander SS, Cole WR, Drake WL Jr (October 1988). "Documentation of an AIDS virus infection in the United States in 1968". JAMA. 260 (14): 2085–7. doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410140097031. PMID 3418874.
- ^ Frøland, S.S., et al.. "HIV-1 Infection in Norwegian Family before 1970". The Lancet. 11 June 1988. pp. 1344–1345
- ^ Hooper, Edward, Sailors and star-bursts, and the arrival of HIV, from the British Medical Journal, 1997
- ^ Hooper 1999 p. 321
- ^ Hooper 1999 p. 519