Stygobromus
| Stygobromus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Stygobromus kenki | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Subphylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
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| Genus: | Stygobromus |
| Type species | |
| Stygobromus vitreus Cope, 1872 [2]
| |
Stygobromus is a genus of amphipod crustaceans that live in subterranean habitats. As well as a large number of species in North America,[3] a smaller number of species are also known from Eurasia.[4] Most of the North American species live in areas which were not covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, although a few species seem to have survived under the ice.[5] A number of species are on the IUCN Red List as endangered species (EN) or vulnerable species (VU); all the listed species are endemic to the United States. One species, S. lucifugus, is extinct. Stygobromus includes the following species:[6]
- Stygobromus abditus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus ackerlyi Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
- Stygobromus alabamensis (Stout, 1911)
- Stygobromus albapinus Taylor & Holsinger, 2011 (Nevada)[7]
- Stygobromus allegheniensis (Holsinger, 1967) (New York to West Virginia)
- Stygobromus ambulans (F. Müller, 1846)
- Stygobromus anastasiae Sidorov, Holsinger et Takhteev, 2010 (Russia)
- Stygobromus apscheronia (Derzhavin, 1945) (Azerbaijan)
- Stygobromus araeus (Holsinger, 1969)
[8] (Virginia) - Stygobromus arizonensis Holsinger, 1974 [9]
- Stygobromus balconis (Hubricht, 1943) [10]
- Stygobromus baroodyi Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus barri (Holsinger, 1967) [11]
- Stygobromus barryi Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
- Stygobromus behningi (Birstein, 1948)
- Stygobromus bifurcatus (Holsinger, 1967) [12]
- Stygobromus biggersi Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia to Pennsylvania)
- Stygobromus blinni Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus borealis Holsinger, 1978 (Vermont, New York)
- Stygobromus boultoni Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus bowmani (Holsinger, 1967) [13]
- Stygobromus canadensis Holsinger, 1980
- Stygobromus carolinensis Holsinger, 1978 (North Carolina)
- Stygobromus chamberlaini Ellis, 1941
- Stygobromus cherylae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus clantoni (Creaser, 1934) [14]
- Stygobromus coeca (Dobraenu & Manolache, 1951)
- Stygobromus coloradensis Ward, 1977
- Stygobromus conradi (Holsinger, 1967) [15] (Virginia)
- Stygobromus cooperi (Holsinger, 1967) [16] (West Virginia)
- Stygobromus cowani Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus culveri Holsinger, 1978 (West Virginia)
- Stygobromus cumberlandus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus curroae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus dejectus (Holsinger, 1967) [17]
- Stygobromus dentata (Hubricht, 1943)
- Stygobromus dershavini (Behning, 1928)
- Stygobromus dicksoni Holsinger, 1978 (Alabama, Georgia)
- Stygobromus donensis (Martynov, 1919)
- Stygobromus duplus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus elatus (Holsinger, 1967) [18]
- Stygobromus elliotti Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus emarginatus (Hubricht, 1943) [19] (Maryland, West Virginia)
- Stygobromus ephemerus (Holsinger, 1969) [20] (Virginia)
- Stygobromus estesi Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus exilis Hubricht, 1943
- Stygobromus fecundus Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
- Stygobromus fergusoni Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus finleyi Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
- Stygobromus flagellatus (J. E. Benedict, 1896) [21]
- Stygobromus fontinalis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus franzi Holsinger, 1978 (Maryland)
- Stygobromus gallawayae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus glacialis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus gracilipes (Holsinger, 1967) (Virginia to Pennsylvania)
- Stygobromus gradyi Holsinger, 1974 [22]
- Stygobromus grahami Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus grandis Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
- Stygobromus hadenoecus (Holsinger, 1966) [23]
- Stygobromus harai Holsinger, 1974 [24]
- Stygobromus hayi (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940)
[25] (District of Columbia) - Stygobromus herbsti Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus heteropodus Hubricht, 1943 [26]
- Stygobromus hoffmani Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus holsingeri Ward, 1977
- Stygobromus hubbardi Holsinger, 2009 [27]
- Stygobromus hubbsi Shoemaker, 1942 [28]
- Stygobromus hyporheicus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus hyrcana (Dershavin, 1939)
- Stygobromus idahoensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus imperialis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus indentatus (Holsinger, 1967) [29] (North Carolina, Virginia)
- Stygobromus inexpectatus Holsinger, 1978 (Alabama)
- Stygobromus interitus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus intermedia (Dobreanu, Manolache & Piascariu, 1952)
- Stygobromus interstitialis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus iowae Hubricht, 1943
- Stygobromus jakutana (Martynov, 1931)
- Stygobromus jemezensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus johanseni (Shoemaker, 1920)
- Stygobromus kazakhstanica Kulkina, 1992
- Stygobromus kenki Holsinger, 1978 (District of Columbia, Virginia)
- Stygobromus lacicolus Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus lanensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus latus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus leensis Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus lepida (Mateus & Mateus, 1991)
- Stygobromus levanidovae (G. Karaman, 1991)
- Stygobromus limbus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus longidactylus (S. Karaman, 1929)
- Stygobromus longipes (Holsinger, 1966) [30]
- Stygobromus lucifugus (Hay, 1882)
[31] - Stygobromus mackenziei Holsinger, 1974 [32]
- Stygobromus mackini Hubricht, 1943 (Tennessee to West Virginia)
- Stygobromus meschtscherica (Borutsky, 1929)
- Stygobromus mikhaili Sidorov, Holsinger et Takhteev, 2010 (Russia)
- Stygobromus minutus Holsinger, 1978 (Georgia)
- Stygobromus montanensis Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus montanus (Holsinger, 1967) [33]
- Stygobromus morrisoni (Holsinger, 1967) [34] (Virginia, West Virginia)
- Stygobromus mundus (Holsinger, 1967) [35] (Virginia)
- Stygobromus myersae Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus mysticus Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus nanus Holsinger, 1978 (West Virginia)
- Stygobromus nortoni (Holsinger, 1969) [36]
- Stygobromus obrutus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus obscurus Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus onondagaensis (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) [37]
- Stygobromus oregonensis Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus ozarkensis (Holsinger, 1967) [38]
- Stygobromus parvus (Holsinger, 1969) [39] (Virginia)
- Stygobromus pecki (Holsinger, 1967) [40]
- Stygobromus pennaki Ward, 1977
- Stygobromus philareti (Birstein, 1948)
- Stygobromus phreaticus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus pizzinii (Shoemaker, 1938) [41] (Virginia to Pennsylvania)
- Stygobromus pollostus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus pseudospinosus Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus pusillus (Martynov, 1930) (Russia)
- Stygobromus putealis (Holmes, 1909) [42]
- Stygobromus puteanus Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus quatsinensis Holsinger & Shaw, 1987
- Stygobromus rallus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus redactus Holsinger, 1978 (West Virginia)
- Stygobromus reddelli (Holsinger, 1966) [43]
- Stygobromus rudolphi Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus russelli (Holsinger, 1967)
- Stygobromus saltuaris Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus secundus Bousfield & Holsinger, 1981
- Stygobromus sheldoni Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus sierrensis Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus simplex Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus smithi Hubricht, 1943 [44]
- Stygobromus sparsus Holsinger, 1978 (Tennessee)
- Stygobromus spinatus (Holsinger, 1967) [45] (West Virginia)
- Stygobromus spinosus (Hubricht & Mackin, 1940) (Virginia)
- Stygobromus stadukhini (Derzhavin, 1930)
- Stygobromus stegerorum Holsinger, 1978 (Virginia)
- Stygobromus stellmacki (Holsinger, 1967) [46] (Pennsylvania)
- Stygobromus subtilis (Hubricht, 1943) [47]
- Stygobromus tahoensis Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus tenuis (S. I. Smith, 1874) (Connecticut to Maryland)
- Stygobromus trinus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus tritus Holsinger, 1974
- Stygobromus urospinatus Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus utahensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus vitreus Cope, 1872
- Stygobromus wachuschtii (Behning, 1940)
- Stygobromus wahkeenensis Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus wardi Wang & Holsinger, 2001
- Stygobromus wengerorum Holsinger, 1974 [48]
References
- ^ "Stygobromus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ John R. Holsinger (1978). "Systematics of the subterranean amphipod genus Stygobromus (Gammaridae). Part II: Species of the Eastern United States". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 266: 1–144. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.266.
- ^ David C. Culver; John R. Holsinger; Mary C. Christman & Tanja Pipan (2010). "Morphological differences among eyeless amphipods in the genus Stygobromus dwelling in different subterranean habitats". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 30 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1651/09-3156.1.
- ^ John R. Holsinger (1987). "Redescription of the stygobiont amphipod crustacean Stygobromus pusillus (Crangonyctidae) from the Soviet Union, with comments on taxonomic and zoogeographic relationships". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 7 (2): 249–257. doi:10.2307/1548605. JSTOR 1548605.
- ^ John R. Holsinger. "Stygobromus – Distribution Map". Old Dominion University. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- ^ Jim Lowry (2009). "Stygobromus Cope, 1872". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
- ^ Steven Taylor & John Holsinger (2011). "A new species of the subterranean amphipod crustacean genus Stygobromus (Crangonyctidae) from a cave in Nevada, USA". Subterranean Biology. 8: 39–48. doi:10.3897/subtbiol.8.1230.
- ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus araeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus arizonensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus balconis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus barri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus bifurcatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus bowmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus clantoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus conradi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus cooperi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus dejectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus elatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus ephemerus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus flagellatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus gradyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hadenoecus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus harai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus araeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus heteropodus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Holsinger, J. R (2009). "Stygobromus hubbardi". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
- ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus hubbsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus indentatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus longipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus lucifugus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus mackenziei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus montanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus morrisoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus mundus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus nortoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus onondagaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus ozarkensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus parvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus pecki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus pizzinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus putealis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus reddelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus smithi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus spinatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus stellmacki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus subtilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Stygobromus wengerorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)