Castlewellan Forest Park
| Castlewellan Forest Park | |
|---|---|
 Castlewellan Lake, Castlewellan Forest Park, with the Mourne Mountains in the background | |
| Map | |
  Location of Castlewellan Forest Park | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Down, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 54°15′54″N 5°57′22″W / 54.265°N 5.956°W |
| Area | 450 hectares (1,100 acres) |
| Administration | |
| Governing body | Forest Service Northern Ireland |
Castlewellan Forest Park is located in the town of Castlewellan in County Down, Northern Ireland.
The park covers some 460 hectares, including woodland and a 40 hectare lake. It was opened to the public in 1967 after the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture purchased the land from the Annesley family. Features of the park include the National Arboretum, the Peace Maze and Castlewellan Castle.[1]
National Arboretum
It contains the national Arboretum of Northern Ireland, started in 1740, which contains trees from Asia, North and South America, and Australasia. Giant sequoia were planted in the 1850s. They are used by treecreepers, who burrow into its bark and make nests.[2] The gardens originally contained over 1800 species of trees and shrubs, planted by Hugh Annesley, 5th Earl Annesley and his head gardener. Over 700 taxa still exist in the arboretum, including at least 30 champion trees. The gardens suffered from a decline in maintenance in the late 1990s due to a shortage of resources. Work to restore and conserve a number of areas, including the greenhouses and the Moorish Tower, was carried out between 2012 and 2014. Comprehensive plans for restoration of the whole park have been agreed between the Forest Service and the local Council.[3]
Peace Maze
The peace maze located in the park was constructed between 2000 and 2001. It contains 6000 yew trees planted by volunteers from Northern Ireland.[2] It was the longest permanent hedge maze in the world until July 2007, when the Pineapple Garden Maze in Wahiawa, Hawaii was extended.[4][5]
Castlewellan Castle
Castlewellan Castle is a Scottish baronial castle built by the Annesley family between 1856 and 1858.[6][7] It stands close to the entrance of the arboretum overlooking Castlewellan Lake and was built on the site of an old church.
The castle was built by The 4th Earl Annesley, who commissioned the Scottish architect William Burn to design it. It was built of locally quarried granite by the Parker partnership of Liverpool.
On the death of the unmarried 4th Earl in 1874, the original estate, much larger than the present park, passed to his brother Hugh, 5th Earl Annesley, who considerably enhanced the arboretum. His son, Francis, 6th Earl Annesley, inherited in 1908 but was killed in the First World War in 1914, after which the earldom passed to his cousin Walter and the Castlewellan Estate to his sister, Lady Mabel. She left it to her son Gerald Francis Annesley (born Gerald Sowerby), who sold it to the government. [1]
Since 1974, after standing empty for ten years, the castle has been used as a Christian conference centre.[8]
Flora
The Castlewellan Gold Leyland cypress was developed in the park from a mutant tree. It was selected by the park director, John Keown, and named Cupressus macrocarpa 'Keownii' in 1963.[9] The original specimen is located in the ornamental gardens.[10]
The national Arboretum of Northern Ireland is located in the park. It was first started in 1740 and contains trees from Asia, Australasia, and North and South America, including Japanese Maple and Giant sequoia planted in the 1850s.[2] In May 2018 the arboretum was awarded a plaque by the International Dendrology Society for having a "dendrological collection of exceptional merit." The society encourages the conservation of rare and endangered plants and trees.[11]
The Giant sequoia were planted as saplings in 1856. They were from a group of seed collected in California by renowned plant collector William Lobb and grown in a nursery from 1853. One of the trees has developed 19 separate trunks, a form rarely seen in cultivated specimens of this plant. The tree was voted Northern Ireland's Tree of the Year for 2018.[12]
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Gateway at Castlewellan Arboretum -
Giant sequoia
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References
- ^ a b "HISTORY OF CASTLEWELLAN CASTLE". Castlewellan Castle. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
- ^ a b c "Woodlands - Castlewellan Arboretum". BBC. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ Reeves-Smyth, Terence (2015). "In the shadow of the Mournes". Irish Arts Review (2002-). 32 (1): 122–125. ISSN 1649-217X.
- ^ "Castlewellan Forest Park". NI Direct. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ "Largest maze, permanent hedge maze". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ Hill, Niki (1997). The Mournes. Dundurn. p. 66. ISBN 9781900935043.
- ^ Maguire, W. A. (2000). A century in focus: photography and photographers in the North of Ireland, 1839-1939. Blackstaff. p. 42. ISBN 9780856406799.
- ^ "Welcome to Castlewellan Castle". castlewellancastle.org. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ Gerd Krüssmann (1995). Manual of Cultivated Conifers. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 101. ISBN 9780881920079.
- ^ Rogers, Mal (July 23, 2014). "The top alternative tourist spots in Ireland". The Irish Post. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ Moynagh, Aileen (3 May 2018). "Castlewellan garden receives international award". BBC. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
- ^ "Tree of Year 2018". Woodland Trust. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
