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Benjamin Henry Latrobe II

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Benjamin Henry Latrobe II (December 19, 1806 – October 19, 1878) was an American civil engineer, best known for his railway bridges, and a railway executive.

Personal life

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on December 19, 1806, he was the youngest son of Benjamin Henry Latrobe who six years previously had married his second wife, Mary Elizabeth Hazlehurst (1771-1841) of Philadelphia. Three years earlier, President Thomas Jefferson hired his father as Surveyor of Public Buildings in the new national capitol, Washington, D.C.[1] His father would become best known as the second Architect of the Capitol, because he redesigned the re-built United States Capitol after the British Army burned Washington in August 1814 during the War of 1812. The senior Latrobe also supervised construction of the first Roman Catholic cathedral built in the United States, the old Baltimore Cathedral (later named the Basilica of the Assumption of Mary), 1806-1821, as well as construction of the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal. He and his eldest son Henry Sellon Boneval Latrobe (1792-1817) would die of yellow fever while working in New Orleans, Louisiana. His elder full brother John Hazlehurst Boneval Latrobe became a lawyer, painter and inventor of the Baltimore heater (an improvement upon the Franklin stove).

The younger Benjamin H. Latrobe studied in Baltimore, Maryland, and later at Georgetown College in Georgetown, just west of the new Federal City, in the District of Columbia.

He married Maria Eleanor "Ellen" Hazlehurst (1806-1872) of Altoona, Pennsylvania on March 12, 1833. They would have four sons (two of whom survived childhood) and three daughters. Their eldest son, Charles Hazelhurst Latrobe (1833-1902), moved to Florida where he married and later joined the Confederate States Army. A civil engineer like his father and grandfather, Charles H. Latrobe later moved back to Baltimore where he served as the city's chief engineer for 25 years and continued to design public buildings and bridges noted for their beauty.[2][3] His brother, Benjamin Henry Latrobe, III (1840 - 1901) became an Episcopal Church priest and rector of the Church of Our Savior in Silver Spring, Maryland.[4]

Thomas Viaduct in 1970

Career

Around 1820, Latrobe worked with his father to establish a water supply for New Orleans, Louisiana, moving back north after his father's unexpected death of typhoid and to work with his brother John as a lawyer in Baltimore.

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) hired this Latrobe to work on a surveyor crew in the summer of 1830.[5][6]: 129  In 1832, as assistant engineer, Latrobe surveyed and planned the route for the Washington Branch.[7]: 47–8  For this route between Baltimore and Washington, D.C., he designed the Thomas Viaduct, which became the largest bridge in the United States when completed in 1835. The viaduct spans the Patapsco River between Relay and Elkridge, Maryland.[7]: 50  As the project engineer, Latrobe worked closely with the railroad's construction chief, Caspar Wever.[6]: 159–168  Nicknamed "Latrobe's Folly" by those who doubted the massive structure could support itself, the bridge remains in use today (as of 2019), carrying far heavier loads than ever envisioned.

In 1835, Latrobe became the chief engineer for the Baltimore and Port Deposit Railroad Company, which would help build the first rail link between Philadelphia and Baltimore.[8]: 38 

Latrobe returned to the B&O in 1836. Along with Louis Wernwag, he designed the railroad's first bridge across the Potomac River at Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, which opened in 1837.[7]: 34  In 1842, the B&O appointed him as Chief Engineer, succeeding his boss, Jonathan Knight. He served in the position for 22 years.[5][8]: 54  He was appointed to the concurrent position of general superintendent of the B&O in 1847.[8]: 57  He later became president of the Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad,[5][8]: 113  part of the B&O's Pittsburgh District.[9]

In the 1860s, Latrobe became a consulting engineer for the Troy and Greenfield Railroad, and worked on construction of the Hoosac Tunnel in Massachusetts, then the second-longest tunnel in the world.[10]

Death and legacy

Benjamin H. Latrobe II died in Baltimore, on October 19, 1878, and was buried in Green Mount Cemetery, whose landscape architecture he had designed, beside his wife.[11] His brother John H.B. Latrobe was on the cemetery's board of directors as well as helped found the Maryland Historical Society, which maintains the family papers.[12]

References

  1. ^ http://mallhistory.org/items/show/80
  2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-04-25. Retrieved 2018-04-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ "Latrobe, Charles Hazelhurst", in Concise Dictionary of American Biography (1964), New York: Scribner's.
  4. ^ https://latrobefamily.com/getperson.php?personID=I6346&tree=mytree
  5. ^ a b c Treese, Lorett (2003). Railroads of Pennsylvania: Fragments of the Past in the Keystone Landscape. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 194. ISBN 9780811726221.
  6. ^ a b Dilts, James D. (1996). The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore and Ohio, the Nation's First Railroad, 1828–1853. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-2629-0.
  7. ^ a b c Harwood, Herbert H., Jr. (1994). Impossible Challenge II: Baltimore to Washington and Harpers Ferry from 1828 to 1994. Baltimore, MD: Barnard, Roberts & Co. ISBN 0934118221.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ a b c d Stover, John F. (1987). History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. ISBN 0-911198-81-4.
  9. ^ Railroad History, Pittsburgh Plan, 1923
  10. ^ Latrobe, Benjamin H. II (1869). Report of Benj. H. Latrobe, Consulting Engineer, on the Troy and Greenfield Railroad and Hoosac Tunnel. Boston.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ^ "Benjamin Henry Latrobe, Jr". TCLF.org. The Cultural Landscape Foundation. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  12. ^ http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/014300/014346/html/14346bio.html
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