List of proto-languages

Below is a list of proto-languages that have been reconstructed, ordered by geographic location.

Africa

• Proto-Afroasiatic
  • Proto-Semitic
  • Proto-Berber
• Proto-Niger-Congo
  • Proto-Bantu

Europe, Near East, and Caucasus

• Proto-Caucasian
  • Proto-Northwest Caucasian
    • Proto-Abazgi
    • Proto-Circassian
  • Proto-Kartvelian
    • Proto-Georgian-Zan
• Proto-Basque
• Proto-Indo-European
  • Proto-Anatolian
  • Proto-Albanian
  • Proto-Greek
  • Proto-Armenian
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan
    • Proto-Iranian
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic
    • Proto-Baltic
    • Proto-Slavic
  • Proto-Celtic
  • Proto-Germanic
    • Proto-Norse
  • Proto-Italic
    • Proto-Romance

North Asia

• Proto-Altaic
  • Proto-Turkic
  • Proto-Mongolic
  • Proto-Tungusic
  • Proto-Korean
  • Proto-Japonic
• Proto-Uralic
  • Proto-Finno-Ugric
  • Proto-Finnic (Proto-Balto-Finnic)
  • Proto-Mordvinic
  • Proto-Permic
  • Proto-Samic
  • Proto-Mansi
  • Proto-Khanty
  • Proto-Samoyed
• Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan
• Proto-Indo-European
  • Proto-Tocharian

South Asia

• Proto-Dravidian
• Proto-Indo-European
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan

Pacific Rim

• Proto-Pama–Nyungan
  • Proto-Arandic
  • Proto-Thura-Yura
• Proto-Trans–New Guinea (list)
• Proto-Austronesian (list)
  • Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
    • Proto-Philippine
    • Proto-Oceanic
      • Proto-Polynesian
• Proto-Kra–Dai
  • Proto-Kra (list)
  • Proto-Kam–Sui (list)
  • Proto-Tai (list)
  • Proto-Hlai (list)
• Proto-Sino-Tibetan
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman (list)
    • Proto-Loloish
    • Proto-Karenic
• Proto-Hmong–Mien (list)
• Proto-Austroasiatic
  • Proto-Aslian (list)
  • Proto-Khmeric (list)
  • Proto-Palaungic (list)
  • Proto-Viet-Muong

Americas

• Proto-Eskimo–Aleut
  • Proto-Eskimo
• Proto-Algic
  • Proto-Algonquian
• Proto-Iroquoian
• Proto-Uto-Aztecan
  • Proto-Nahuan
• Proto-Mayan
• Proto-Athabaskan
• Proto-Oto-Manguean
  • Proto-Otomí
  • Proto-Mixtecan
    • Proto-Mixtec
• Proto-Tucanoan
• Proto-Tupian
• Proto-Macro-Jê
• Proto-Arawakan

Macrofamily reconstructions

These are hypothetical proto-languages that cannot be substantiated using the scientific methods of comparative linguistics.

• Proto-Boreal
• Proto-Eurasiatic
• Proto-Indo-Uralic
• Proto-Nostratic
• Proto-Dené-Caucasian
• Proto-Human language
• Turit (The Tower of Babel language)