Ada Coleman
Ada Coleman (1875–1966) was head bartender at the Savoy Hotel in London for twenty-three years, one of only two women to have held that position. While working at the Savoy, she invented the "Hanky Panky”, a cocktail.
Early life
Coleman was born in 1875, the daughter of a steward at Rupert D'Oyly Carte's golf club. When she was twenty-four, her father died, and D'Oyly offered her a job at one of his hotels, first in the flower shop then in the bar at Claridge's hotel.[1]
Around the time that Coleman began working as a bartender, according to a study published in 1905, slightly less than half the bartenders in London were women.[2] "Barmaids", as they were called, were usually the daughters of tradesmen or mechanics or, occasionally, young women from the "better-born" classes who had been "thrown upon their own resources" and needed an income.[2] Though the hours were long, many women saw the job as less monotonous and potentially more lucrative than other professions that were available to them. However, campaigns were underway at that time to eliminate the barmaid as a profession for women, because of perceptions that the job was bad for them and for society, physically and morally.[2]
Coleman, at twenty-four, was nearly at the age ceiling for entry level female bartenders, as many bars and pubs specified no one over 25 need apply.[3] In an interview with the London Express, Coleman remembered that the first mixed drink she made was a Manhattan, and that she was coached by Fisher, the Claridge's Wine Butler on how to make it.[4]
At the Savoy
Coleman was promoted to head bartender of the American Bar at the Savoy Hotel in 1903.[5] Though Coleman is sometimes cited as the first and only female head bartender at the Savoy,[6] there was already another woman tending bar, Ruth Burgess, known as "Miss B" or "Kitty", who started in 1902. Newspaper accounts say they were equally popular with customers, but it was Coleman who was interviewed when she retired and who later found her way into 20th and 21st century histories of cocktails and bartending. One account says the two women worked separate shifts for twenty years without speaking to one another because Coleman had refused to give Burgess the recipes for her popular drinks.[7][8]
American bars, and the diverse cocktails they served, had become popular in England in the late 19th century, and were a selling point for any establishment that had them during Coleman's era.[9] Coleman quickly developed a reputation for being a talented bartender and consummate hostess to the notable and affluent clientele of the Savoy. The Earl of Lonsdale wrote that "she was so nice and so kind and so full of life and energy."[10] Other clients who drank at Coleman's bar included Mark Twain, Marlene Dietrich, Charlie Chaplin, Diamond Jim Brady and the Prince of Wales.[4] "Coley," as her customers nicknamed her, was an "impresario" behind the bar, according to cocktail historian Ted Hughes. "Not only was Coley…a woman in the world of male bartenders," he said, "it was she who made the bar famous."[11]
A lover of musical theatre, she also gave parties at her home which were attended by a diverse crowd of people.[1]
The Hanky Panky
Coley was known as a mixologist who enjoyed creating new drinks. Charles Hawtrey, a comedic actor, and, according to Coley, "one of the best judges of cocktails that I knew," used to come into the bar and say, "Coley, I am tired. Give me something with a bit of punch in it.' Coleman recalled.
“It was for him that I spent hours experimenting until I had invented a new cocktail," she said. "The next time he came in, I told him I had a new drink for him. He sipped it, and, draining the glass, he said 'By Jove! This is the real hanky-panky!'[4]
The name hanky panky, which in England meant at that time 'magic', or 'witchcraft' stuck with the drink, a combination of gin, vermouth and Fernet Branca, which is still served in the American Bar at the Savoy today, as well as listed in cocktail manuals.[4]
Retirement
In late 1925, the Savoy shut down the American Bar for renovations and announced the retirement of Coleman and Ruth Burgess.[1] They were replaced by the naturalised American Harry Craddock, who had worked the service bar for five years while the women worked the front bar. Craddock later wrote The Savoy Cocktail Book, which included Coleman's recipe for the Hanky Panky.[1]
In February 1926, five London newspapers published the story of Coley's retirement from bartending.[1] In an interview with The London Daily Express, who called her "England's most famous barmaid" and The Queen of Cocktail Mixers", Coleman estimated she had served one hundred thousand customers and poured one million drinks.[12]
After Coleman left the bar, some cocktail historians have said she worked in the hotel's flower shop.[1][13] However, in 2016, Susan Scott, the archivist at the Savoy said she found no evidence of that.[1] In Coleman's later life she took a part-time job managing the staff in the ladies' cloakroom at The Berkeley hotel.[5]
Death and legacy
Coleman died in 1966, at the age of 91.[10] In 2016, Liquor.com listed her as one of the nine most important bartenders of all time, and bartenders at the Savoy still spoke of her as an 'iconic legend'.[10][14] The Hanky Panky is now served worldwide. In 2015, it was listed by Drinks International as one of the top 50 best-selling cocktails. At the Savoy, it is served in two versions: the original Coleman recipe along with an upgraded version which is aged in oak barrels and includes several different kinds of vermouth and gin. In 2018, a cocktail bar and lounge named Ada's Place opened in the Hudson Yards neighborhood of New York City. The name is tribute to Coleman. [8][10][15]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "Wayne Curtis, "What Ended the Career of the World's First Celebrity Female Bartender?" The Daily Beast, August 23, 2016". thedailybeast.com. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ a b c Joint Committee on the Employment of Barmaids (1905). Women as Barmaids: Published for the Joint Committee on the Employment of Barmaids. King. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ Lord Bishop of Southwark, Joint Committee on the Employment of Barmaids, Women As Barmaids, PS King and Son, London, 1905, p. 10
- ^ a b c d "Ada Coleman: One Of History's Most Famous Female Mixologists | VinePair". vinepair.com. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ a b Curtis, Daily Beast
- ^ Emma Bryce, "The Famous Female Mixologist You’ve Never Heard Of", Modern Notion, March 16, 2015/
- ^ "Minnot Sanders," Famous Bar Maids Who Worked at the Same Bar Twenty Years Without Speaking, Retire. " United Press Correspondence, Aspen Daily Times, February 16, 1926". coloradohistoricnewspapers.org. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ a b "JARED BROWN, The surprising history of the cocktail, The Telegraph, DECEMBER 13, 2012 18:45". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ Curtis, Daily Beast l
- ^ a b c d "Ada Coleman – Bartender". diffordsguide.com. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ Haigh, T. (2009). Vintage Spirits and Forgotten Cocktails: From the Alamagoozlum to the Zombie 100 Rediscovered Recipes and the Stories Behind Them. Quarry Books. ISBN 9781616734756. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ London Express article reprinted in Mixer and Server, Volume 35, Hotel and Restaurant Employee's International Alliance and Bartenders' International League of America., 1926
- ^ Alice Lascelles ,Ten Cocktails: The Art of Convivial Drinking Hodder & Stoughton, Apr 23, 2015
- ^ "The 9 Most Influential Bartenders in History". Yahoo!. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
- ^ "The World's 50 Best Selling Classic Cocktails 2015 – Drinks International – The global choice for drinks buyers, January 28, 2016". m.drinksint.com. Retrieved 1 September 2016.