Xihuacan
| Tomil/Cuitateco/Tepozteca Culture – Archaeological Site | ||
 | ||
| Name: | La Soledad de Maciel archaeological site | |
| Type | Archeology | |
| Location | La Soledad de Maciel, municipality of Petatlán, Guerrero Mexico
| |
| Region | Mesoamerica (México) | |
| Coordinates | 17°31′00″N 101°19′00″W / 17.51667°N 101.31667°W | |
| Culture | ||
| Language | ||
| Chronology | 800 BC – 300 AD. | |
| Period | Various | |
| INAH Web Page | ||
Xihuacan is a Mesoamerican archeological site located on the Costa Grande of the Mexican state of Guerrero, near the small town of La Soledad de Maciel and the larger towns of Zihuatanejo and Petatlán. While pieces had been found at the site earlier, including the King of La Chole stele and Mesoamerican ball court rings, formal excavations were only recently begun. The site had been occupied for over 3,000 years and by three cultures, with contact with other Mesoamerican cultures such as the Teotihuacan and Olmec. Explored areas include what may be the largest Mesoamerican ball court, a one-hectare pyramidal base and a hill with petroglyphs and a probably sacrifice stone.
According to residents, pieces had been found in the area since the 1930s, including some of the most important but formal excavations were begun only in the very late 2000s, when authorities began to acquire lands for the archeologic exploration.[1] One of these pieces is a stele discovered in 1944 called the King of La Chole, who was a venerated figure. Today, this piece is at the local church. The feet of the stele was in a private home but were returned to the site for its new museum.[2][3] The rings of the ball court were taken to the city of Petatlán, along with a circular stone representing the goddess of the Earth, Tlaltecutli.[1][3] But have now been returned to the museum at the site. But the stele will remain at the church.[1][2]
The site is located in the municipality of Petatlán, in the small village of La Soledad de Maciel. This village is located four km south of Highway 200 at the end of a dirt road.[3][4] The village has a population of about 400 inhabitants with just under eighty houses. The residents subsist on agriculture, growing corn, beans, vegetables and coconuts, supplemented by some cattle and fishing along the local shore.[1] The area is also known for the cultivation of tobacco and the making of handcrafted cigars.[3] The excavation of the site and construction of a museum was built from 2007 to 2010 at a cost of 12 million pesos, not only to study and preserve the site but also to provide tourist attraction to an area with limited economic possibilities.[4] According to the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia the ruins could be as important as Teotihuacan or Chichén Itza as they span from the pre Classic to post Classic periods in Mesoamerican chronology. It is the largest ceremonial center and largest archeological site in the state.[1] The site coincides with the ancient city of Xihuacan, which flourished between 200 and 800 C.E. It was the largest population center between Acapulco and Zacatula at its height. Pieces of ornamental work in made with shells and copper indicate that this was begun here earlier than in Michoacán .[2]
The excavated site is likely a ceremonial center which was used by various cultures including the Tomiles, the Cuitatecos and the Tepoztecas during its history. There are surrounding settlements, so the site could extend as much as ten km2 (3.9 sq mi), from the Huamilule Hill to the community of Cabritero and the Chiquito River. According to the finds, the site had been occupied for more than 3,000 years and had contact with a number of other Mesoamerican cultures.[1] Find of ceramics and other objects at this site and other nearby sites indicate that the cultures had economic and cultural contact with Teotihuacan.[5] The site contains one idol which measures 1.5 meters tall and appears to be from the Olmec period.[1]
Explored areas include Mound A, Mound B and the Cerro de los Brujos. Mound A was the ball court.[1][3] This court measures 160 meters long and 29 meters wide. There is yet another section to be excavated, which may make it the largest Mesoamerican ball court.[2] Excavation of the court found various deposits of human sacrifice and ceramics in the shape of jaguars. It also included a glyph, which is believed to relate to the original name of the city.[6] Mound B measures one hectare and is 15 meters high. It was topped with five temples surrounding a sunken patio.[1] The Cerro de los Brujos has various petroglyphs, a circular stone with appears to have been used for sacrifices and four pyramidal bases.[3] One unique aspect to the site is that its pyramids are constructed with river stone and adobe, not common in Mexican archeology.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Noe Dominguez Mariano (December 3, 2007). "Ruinas de La Soledad de Maciel, tan importantes como Teotihuacán" [Ruins of La Soledad de Maciel, as important as Teotihuacan]. La Jornada de Guerrero (in Spanish). Chilpancingo. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Francisco Meza (November 28, 2008). "Descubren en Petatlán el centro de juego de pelota más extenso" [Discovered in Petatlán the largest Mesoamerican ball court]. La Jornada de Guerrero (in Spanish). Chilpancingo. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f Quintanar Hinojosa, Beatriz, ed. (January 2006). "La Soledad de Maciel". Mexico Desconocido Rutas Turisticas:Guerrero (in Spanish). Mexico City: Grupo Editorial Impresiones Aereas SA de CV: 57. ISSN 0188-5146.
- ^ a b Francisco Meza (August 1, 2010). "Sitio arqueológico La Soledad de Maciel será abierto en noviembre" [Archeological site of La Soledad de Maciel will be open in November.]. La Jornada de Guerrero (in Spanish). Chilpancingo. Retrieved January 9, 2011.
- ^ "Hallan en Guerrero piezas milenarias estilo teotihuacano" [Thousand year old Teotihuacan style pieces found in Guerrero]. El Universal (in Spanish). Mexico City. Agencia el Universal. August 19, 2010.
- ^ Francisco Meza (February 14, 2010). "Descubren escudo prehispánico de lo que fue la Soledad de Maciel" [Discovered the pre Hispanic coat of arms of what was La Soledad de Maciel]. La Jornada de Guerrero (in Spanish). Chilpancingo. Retrieved January 9, 2011.