Cumbia

Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythm and folk dance traditions of Latin America, generally involving musical and cultural elements from American Indians, Africans enslaved during colonial times and Europeans. Examples include:

• Colombian cumbia, a Colombian musical rhythm and folk dance, the result of the musical and cultural mixture of indigenous and black slaves on the Caribbean Coast during the Spanish Conquest and Colony.
• Panamanian cumbia, a Panamanian musical genre and folk dance, developed by Africans enslaved during the colonial period and later syncretized with Amerindian and European cultural elements.

Regional adaptations of Colombian cumbia

Argentina

• Argentine cumbia
• cumbia villera, a subgenre of Argentine cumbia born in the slums
• pop cumbia, a subgenre of Argentine and Uruguayan cumbia
• cumbia santafesina, a musical genre emerged in Santa Fe, Argentina

Bolivia

• Bolivian cumbia

Chile

• Chilean cumbia
• New Chilean cumbia, a subgenre derived from Colombian cumbia

Costa Rica

• Costa Rican cumbia

Mexico

• Mexican cumbia
• Southeast cumbia or chunchaca, a variant of Mexican cumbia
• Northern Mexican cumbia, a variant of Mexican cumbia, developed in northeastern Mexico and part of Texas (former Mexican territory)
• Cumbia sonidera, a variant of Mexican cumbia

Paraguay

• Cachaca, a fusion of cumbia sonidera, norteña, vallenato and cumbia villera

Peru

• Peruvian cumbia;
• Chicha or Andean tropical music
• Amazonian cumbia or jungle cumbia, a popular subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, created in the Peruvian Amazon
• Cumbia piurana, a set of styles and sub-genres linked to cumbia that have been produced in Piura, a region on the north Peruvian coast, since the mid-1960s
• Cumbia sanjuanera, a subgenre of cumbia piurana
• Cumbia sureña, a subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, a fusion of Andean cumbia and techno

El Salvador

• Salvadoran cumbia

Venezuela

• Venezuelan cumbia