Cumbia
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Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythms and folk dance traditions of Latin America, generally involving musical and cultural elements from American Indigenous peoples, African slaves during colonial times, and Europeans.[1] It is said to have come from funeral traditions in the Afro-Colombian community.
Cumbia traditionally uses three drums: tambora, tambor alegre, and lamador; three flutes: gaita hembra, gaito macho, and flauta de millo; and has a 2
2 or 2
4 meter.[2] The sound of cumbia can be characterized as having a simple "chucu-chucu-chu" created by the guacharaca.[3] The genre frequently incorporates brass instruments and piano.
In order to properly understand the interlocking relationship between cumbia's roots and its Pan-American (and then global) routes, Colombia's geocultural complexities must first be taken into account.
Examples of cumbia include:
- Colombian cumbia, is a musical rhythm and traditional folk dance from Colombia.[4] It has elements of three different cultures, American Indigenous, African, and Spanish, being the result of the long and intense meeting of these cultures during the Conquest and the Colony.[5] The Colombian cumbia is the origin of all the other variations[citation needed], including the tradition of dancing it with candles in the dancers' hands.
- Panamanian cumbia, Panamanian folk dance and musical genre, developed by enslaved people of African descent during colonial times and later syncretized with American Indigenous and European cultural elements.
Regional adaptations of Colombian cumbia[edit]
Argentina[edit]
- Argentine cumbia
- Cumbia villera, a subgenre of Argentine cumbia born in the slums
- Cumbia santafesina, a musical genre emerged in Santa Fe, Argentina
Bolivia[edit]
Chile[edit]
Costa Rica[edit]
Ecuador[edit]
El Salvador[edit]
- Salvadoran cumbia
- Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Guatemala[edit]
- Guatemalan cumbia
- Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Honduras[edit]
- Honduran cumbia
- Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Mexico[edit]
- Mexican cumbia
- Southeast cumbia or chunchaca, a variant of Mexican cumbia
- Northern Mexican cumbia, a variant of Mexican cumbia, developed in northeastern Mexico and part of Texas (former Mexican territory)
- Cumbia sonidera, a variant of Mexican cumbia
- Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Nicaragua[edit]
- Nicaraguan cumbia
- Cumbia chinandegana
- Cumbia marimbera, a subgenre of Cumbia that is widely popular in Southern Mexico and Central America
Panama[edit]
Paraguay[edit]
Peru[edit]
- Peruvian cumbia also known as chicha or psychedelic cumbia[6]
- Chicha [es] or Andean tropical music
- Amazonian cumbia or jungle cumbia, a popular subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, created in the Peruvian Amazon
- Cumbia piurana, a set of styles and sub-genres linked to cumbia that have been produced in Piura, a region on the north Peruvian coast, since the mid-1960s
- Cumbia sanjuanera, a subgenre of cumbia piurana
- Cumbia sureña, a subgenre of Peruvian cumbia, a fusion of Andean cumbia and techno
Uruguay[edit]
Venezuela[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Everything you need to know about Cumbia". colombia.co. 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
- ^ Yurco, Cherie (2014-02-25). "Cumbia: The Sound of Colombia". Making Music Magazine. Archived from the original on 2022-11-09. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ^ "Cumbia: the Danceable Musical Tradition that Defies Borders". Marfa Public Radio. 2017-08-31. Archived from the original on 2023-02-25. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ^ "The Cumbia – Drumset Adaptations of a Traditional Colombian/Panamanian Rhythm". moderndrummer.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-11. Retrieved 2021-06-17.
- ^ "Colombia: Land of a Thousand Rhythms". colombia.co. 16 March 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
- ^ "Cumbia: The Musical Backbone Of Latin America". npr.org. Archived from the original on 2022-12-09. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
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