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Ivan Shishkin

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In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Ivanovich and the family name is Shishkin.

Ivan Shishkin
Иван Шишкин
Portrait of Ivan Shishkin
Born(1832-01-25)25 January 1832
Yelabuga, Vyatka Governorate, Russian Empire
Died20 March 1898(1898-03-20) (aged 66)
St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
NationalityRussian
EducationMember Academy of Arts (1865)
Professor by rank (1873)[1]
Alma materMoscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture;
Imperial Academy of Arts (1860)[1]
Known forPainting
Notable workMorning in a Pine Forest (with Konstantin Savitsky, 1878)
A Rye Field (1878)
MovementRealism, Peredvizhniki
AwardsSilver Medal (1858)
Minor Golden Medal (1859)
Big Gold Medal of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1860) Grand Golden Medal (1860)[1]
Patron(s)Pavel Tretyakov

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (Russian: Иван Иванович Шишкин; 25 January [O.S. 13 January] 1832 – 20 March [O.S. 8 March] 1898) was a Russian landscape painter closely associated with the Peredvizhniki movement.

Biography

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Portrait of Shishkin by Ivan Kramskoi (1873)
Russian stamps with the portrait of Shishkin

Shishkin was born to a Russian merchant family in Yelabuga of Vyatka Governorate (today Republic of Tatarstan) and graduated from the Kazan gymnasium. Then he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture for four years. After that, he attended the Saint Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts from 1856 to 1860 and graduated with the highest honours and a gold medal. He received the imperial scholarship for his further studies in Europe.

Five years later Shishkin became a member of the Imperial Academy in St Petersburg and was professor of painting from 1873 to 1898. At the same time, Shishkin headed the landscape painting class at the Highest Art School in St Petersburg.

For some time Shishkin lived and worked in Switzerland and Germany on scholarship from the St Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts. On his return to Saint Petersburg he became a member of the Circle of the Itinerants and of the Society of Russian Etchers. He also took part in exhibitions at the Academy of Arts, the All-Russian Exhibition in Moscow (1882), the Nizhniy Novgorod (1896) and the World Fairs (Paris, 1867 and 1878, and Vienna, 1873). Shishkin's painting method was based on analytical studies of nature. He became famous for his forest landscapes and was also an outstanding draftsman and a printmaker.

Ivan Shishkin owned a dacha in Vyra [ru], south of St Petersburg. There he painted some of his finest landscapes. His works are notable for poetic depiction of seasons in the woods, wild nature, animals and birds. In 1891 he was appointed professor-director of the landscape class in the Academy's Advanced Art School. In 1898 he completed his painting The Pine Grove and died on 20 March in St Petersburg while working on his new painting.[2]

A minor planet 3558 Shishkin, discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova in 1978, is named after him.[3]

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ivan Shishkin.
  • View on the Outskirts of St. Petersburg, 1856
    View on the Outskirts of St. Petersburg, 1856
  • View of Valaam Island. Kukko, 1860
    View of Valaam Island. Kukko, 1860
  • In the Rye, 1866
    In the Rye, 1866
  • Swiss Landscape, 1866
    Swiss Landscape, 1866
  • Lumbering, 1867
    Lumbering, 1867
  • Walk in the Forest, 1869
    Walk in the Forest, 1869
  • Noon. Neighborhoods of Moscow, 1869
    Noon. Neighborhoods of Moscow, 1869
  • Birch Forest, 1871
    Birch Forest, 1871
  • A Pine Forest. Mast-Timber forest in Viatka Province, 1872
    A Pine Forest. Mast-Timber forest in Viatka Province, 1872
  • Backwoods, 1872
    Backwoods, 1872
  • Coniferous forest, 1873
    Coniferous forest, 1873
  • First snow, 1875
    First snow, 1875
  • The Dark Wood, 1876
    The Dark Wood, 1876
  • Rye, 1878
    Rye, 1878
  • Forest Edge, 1878
    Forest Edge, 1878
  • Wilds, 1881
    Wilds, 1881
  • Brook in a Birch Forest, 1883
    Brook in a Birch Forest, 1883
  • Pine on Sand, 1884
    Pine on Sand, 1884
  • Forest Distance, 1884
    Forest Distance, 1884
  • Polesie Landscape, 1884
    Polesie Landscape, 1884
  • The Edge of the Forest, 1884
    The Edge of the Forest, 1884
  • Oak Grove, 1887
    Oak Grove, 1887
  • Morning in a Pine Forest, 1889
    Morning in a Pine Forest, 1889
  • The Rocky Landscape, 1889
    The Rocky Landscape, 1889
  • Haystacks, Preobrazhenskoe, 1890
    Haystacks, Preobrazhenskoe, 1890
  • Winter, 1890
    Winter, 1890
  • In the Wild North, 1891
    In the Wild North, 1891
  • Rain in an Oak Forest, 1891
    Rain in an Oak Forest, 1891
  • After the Storm in Meri Hovi, 1891
    After the Storm in Meri Hovi, 1891
  • Forest, 1895
    Forest, 1895
  • Twilight, 1896
    Twilight, 1896
  • At the Edge of the Pine Forest, 1897
    At the Edge of the Pine Forest, 1897

References

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  1. ^ a b c Directory of the Imperial Academy of Arts 1915, p. 224.
  2. ^ Charles, Victoria, Ivan Shishkin, Parkstone Press International, 2014.
  3. ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2003). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (5th ed.). New York: Springer Verlag. p. 299. ISBN 3-540-00238-3.

Literary sources

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ivan Shishkin in the main category about the painter.
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