View source for Alessandro nell'Indie (Metastasio)

{{italic title}}
[[File:Metastasio - Alessandro nell’Indie - Herissant Vol.04 - Paris 1780.png|thumb|Metastasio: ''Alessandro nell'Indie'', Herissant Vol. 4, Paris 1780]]
[[File:Vinci - Alessandro nell'Indie - title page of the libretto, Rome 1730.png|thumb|Title page of the original libretto]]
[[File:Vinci - Alessandro nell'Indie - list of roles in the libretto, Rome 1730.png|thumb|List of roles in the original libretto]]
[[File:Pietro Metastasio-Steiner.jpg|thumb|Pietro Metastasio]]
'''''Alessandro nell'Indie''''' ({{lit|Alexander in India}})<ref name="grove"/> is a [[libretto]] in three acts by [[Pietro Metastasio]]. It was set to music around ninety times<ref name="MF"/> firstly by [[Leonardo Vinci]], whose version premiered in [[Rome]] on 2 January 1730.<ref name="grove">{{cite web |last1=Neville |first1=Don |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (libretto) |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-5000006359 |website=oxfordmusiconline.com |year=2002 |publisher=Grove Music Online |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O006359 |isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 |access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="Timms">{{cite book|author1=Colin Timms|author2=Bruce Wood|title=Music in the London Theatre from Purcell to Handel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5M8oDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA116|date=2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-15464-3|pages=116–125}}</ref> The libretto was the fourth of five that Metastasio wrote for the [[Teatro delle Dame]] in Rome between 1727 and 1730.<ref name="REM">{{cite journal |last1=Cummings |first1=Graham |title=Reminiscence and Recall in Three Early Settings of Metastasio's 'Alessandro nell' Indie' |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association|date=1982–1983|volume=109 |pages=80–104|jstor=766137 |doi=10.1093/jrma/109.1.80 }}</ref> The work was dedicated to the Stuart pretender to the British throne, [[James Francis Edward Stuart]], then resident in Rome.<ref name="Timms"/>

''Alessandro nell'Indie'' became Metastasio's second most popular work, after ''[[Artaserse]]''. Both were written for the Rome carnival season.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cummings|first1=Graham|editor1-first=Colin|editor1-last=Timms|editor2-first=Bruce|editor2-last=Wood|chapter=8 – From Metastasio's ''Alessandro'' to Handel's ''Poro'': A Change of Dramatic Emphasis|title=Music in the London Theatre from Purcell to Handel|date=2017|pages=114–125|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/9781316650813.010|isbn=9781316650813|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/music-in-the-london-theatre-from-purcell-to-handel/from-metastasios-alessandro-to-handels-poro-a-change-of-dramatic-emphasis/E317254865EAD03BB06449F0017D4344|access-date=25 December 2019}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
The libretto tells the story of the [[Wars of Alexander the Great#Indian Campaign|Indian campaign]] of [[Alexander the Great]] and his defeat of king [[Porus the Elder|Porus]] in 326 BCE at the [[Battle of the Hydaspes]]. After the battle the two kings were reconciled and Alexander left Porus as ruler of his kingdom. The action takes place on the banks of the Hydaspes, where Alexander's camp stands on one side of the river and the residence of Cleofide on the other.<ref name="grove"/><ref name="REM"/>

'''Roles'''

* ''Alessandro il Grande'' ([[Alexander the Great]]), premiered by Raffaele Signorini
* ''Poro'' ([[Porus the Elder|Porus]]), Indian king, lover of Cleofide, premiered by [[Giovanni Carestini]]
* ''Cleofide'' ([[Cleophis]]), Indian queen and lover of Porus, premiered by [[Giacinto Fontana]], also known as "[[Farfallino]]"
* ''Erissena'', Poros' sister, premiere by Giuseppe Appiani
* ''Gandarte'', Porus' friend and general, who loves Erissena, premiered by Francesco Tolve
* ''Timagene'' ([[Coenus (general)|Coenus]]), Alexander's general and secret enemy, premiered by Giovanni Antonio Taffi

The following plot summary is based on the setting by [[Carl Heinrich Graun]] in his 1774 opera, ''Alessandro e Poro''.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

===Act 1===

'''The Indian camp after Porus' defeat'''

At the end of the overture, warlike music and the sound of guns can be heard. As the curtain opens, the Indian soldiers are seen fleeing from Alessandro's troops. The Indian King Poro tries to stop their flight, but unable to do so, he tries to kill himself. However, he is prevented by his general Gandarte, who reminds him of his beloved Cleofide. However, Poro believes that she has entered into a relationship with Alessandro. To protect his king, Gandarte offers to exchange clothes, and from then on Poro appears as Asbite and Gandarte as Poro. A little later Asbite / Poro is arrested by Timagene after a short fight. Alessandro comes in and orders no unnecessary blood to be spilled. Timagene leaves to pass the order on to the soldiers. After Asbite / Poro is introduced to Alessandro as a friend of Poro, Alessandro releases him and asks him to tell Poro that all he had to do was submit in order to secure to peace. He also gives him his own sword as a gift. Poro accepts this, but swears to Alessandro to use it against himself.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

Timagene comes with the captive Erissena, Poro's sister, who was handed over to him by two Indians. Alessandro is horrified by this act. He orders the two traitors to be bound and handed over to Poro. Despite Timagene's advice, Erissena is released immediately. After Alessandro leaves, Erissena tells Timagene how impressed she is by Alessandro. Timagene, who has his eye on Erissena himself, becomes jealous.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

'''A place surrounded by shady trees'''

Poro relates Alessandro's victory to Cleofide, whom he considers to be Alessandro's lover. Cleofide, however, assures him of her continued love and asks him to trust her. He swears never to be jealous again. However, when Cleofide asks Erissena, who has just arrived, whether Alessandro had spoken of her, his jealousy is immediately rekindled. Cleofide sets off for Alessandro's camp. Although Erissena advises Poro to trust Cleofide, he wants to follow her. Gandarte arrives. He has noticed that Timagene is an enemy of Alessandro and therefore still has hope for a victory. He also advises Poro against following Cleofide. Poro goes anyway. When Erissena enthuses to Gandarte about Alessandro, he points out that Poro has already promised her to him.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

'''Large open tent with a view of Alessandro's camp and the Cleofide's residence on the other side of the Hydaspes'''

Cleofide crosses the Hydaspes to deliver gifts to Alessandro. He rejects them because he does not accept gifts from friends and only demands loyalty from vassals. Timagene announces the arrival of Asbites/Poro, who wants to speak to him in the presence of Cleofides. Asbite/Poro explains that Poro does not consider himself to have been defeated and rejects the proffer of peace. Cleofide tries to appease Alessandro and invites him to her residence to find out Poro's real intentions. She is sure that Asbite must have misunderstood Poro. However, Asbite assures her that he knows Poro's intentions very well and warns Alessandro about Cleofide, who once loved Poro and has now become unfaithful to him. In order to punish Poro for his renewed jealousy, Cleofide now declares her love for Alessandro. Alessandro promises her friendship, but not his heart. He leaves and Poro is reconciled with Cleofide.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

===Act 2===

'''Room in Cleofide's Palace'''

Poro and Gandarte plan to seize the bridge over the Hydaspes, counting on the support of Timagene. When Erissena reports Alessandro's arrival, Poro thinks again of Cleofide's alleged infidelity. Gandarte advises him to forget her, and leaves. Although Erissena would like to see Alessandro again, Poro sends her away. He intends to avoid Cleofide and is anticipating victory over Alessandro.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

'''By the bridge over the Hydaspes, with the Greek camp on the far bank'''

Accompanied by warlike music, Alessandro and Timagene cross the bridge with part of their army. Cleofide comes to meet them with her retinue and greets him in a friendly manner. The greeting is interrupted by the sound of guns when Poro attacks. Alessandro and Timagene hurry to the bridge.

The attack has been repelled by Alessandro. Cleofide begs the fleeing Poro not to leave her, but only when she threatens to plunge into the river and finally promises him marriage does he give in. With the enemy approaching, Poro pulls out his dagger to kill both Cleofide and himself, but Alessandro snatches it from him. To justify his action Asbite/Poro wants to reveal his true identity, but he is interrupted by the arrival of Timagene. Timagene reports that the soldiers blame Cleofide for the ambush and demand her blood. However, since Asbite/Poro assumes the blame himself, Alessandro arrests him and hands him over to Timagene. Cleofide begs Alessandro in vain to release him. Timagene sends Cleofide to his palace, and she asks him to tell Poro to remain steadfast. Timagene hands Asbite/Poro a letter assuring him that he is not to blame for the failure of the assault. Poro leaves. Timagene hopes that his intrigues against Alessandro will eventually be successful.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

'''Room in Cleofide's Palace'''

Cleofide tells Gandarte that Poro intended to kill her out of love. Alessandro arrives and Gandarte hides. Alessandro tells Cleofide that he has failed to calm his soldiers' anger, and Cleofide is ready to die as a martyr. In order to save her, Alessandro offers to marry her. Since Cleofide does not want this, Gandarte, who is still dressed as Poro, comes out of hiding and offers himself as a sacrifice to save Cleofide. Alessandro is so impressed by this nobility that he hands Cleofide over to him and promises to release Asbite too. He leaves. Erissena comes and reports that Poro has thrown himself into the Hydaspes and is dead. Erissena advises the desperate Cleofide to flee.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

===Act 3===

'''Covered colonnade in the palace garden'''

Erissena meets Poro, who is believed to be dead, but the report of his death was only spread by Timagene for his own protection after he released him. Poro is now planning to ambush Alessandro in the garden and wants Timagene to lure him there. To prove that Timagene is on his side, Poro gives Erissena his letter. After Poro leaves, first Cleofide and then Alessandro arrive. Alessandro tries to persuade Cleofide to flee. However, she now wishes to accept his marriage offer. Alessandro asks her to meet him at the temple and leaves.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

Alessandro comes back with two guards and reports to Erissena that Timagene has uncovered a planned ambush. Erissena believes that Timagene has betrayed her and hands Alessandro Timagene's letter as proof of her own innocence. With Timagene's betrayal now exposed, Alessandro sends Erissena away so he can think.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

Alessandro asks Timagene what he would do if he were betrayed by a friend. When Timagene replies that mercy would be out if the question in such a case, Alessandro shows him the incriminating letter. Timagene begs for mercy. Alessandro is ready to forgive him if he is faithful in the future. He leaves.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

Asbite/Poro comes to talk to Timagene about the planned ambush but Timagene no longer wants to have anything to do with it. He leaves, and Gandarte and Erissena come to Poro. Erissena tells him about Cleofide's forthcoming wedding with Alessandro. Poro leaves. Erissena asks Gandarte to help Poro.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

'''Temple of Bacchus with a burning funeral pyre'''

Alessandro and Cleofide enter with their retinue. A few [[Maenad|Bacchantes]] are walking in front of them and the temple priest with burning torches. Poro watches the scene from a distance. When Alessandro takes Cleofide's hand, she explains that this is the hour of her death, not her wedding. According to local custom, a widow has to follow her husband in death. She wants to hurry to the burning pyre, but is held back by Alessandro. Timagene brings Gandarte, whom he still thinks to be Poro, as a prisoner. Cleofide makes another attempt to throw herself into the flames. Poro, unable to bear her suffering, steps out, reveals himself and asks her forgiveness. He is ready to accept any punishment Alessandro metes out. Alessandro, however, forgives everyone and gives Poro his kingdom back, together with his wife and freedom. In return, Poro rewards Gandarte's steadfastness with the hand of his sister Erissena, and Alessandro gives him the land beyond the Ganges as a gift. The opera ends with a chorus of praise for the fame of Alessandro.<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun"/>

==Background==
The story of [[Alexander the Great]]'s encounter with [[Porus the Elder|Porus]] and the [[Battle of the Hydaspes]] has been related in many historical sources, notably in the fifth book of [[Arrian]]'s ''Anabasis'', [[Marcus Iunianus Iustinus|Justin]]'s excerpt from the twelfth book of [[Pompeius Trogus]]' ''Historiae Philippicae'', [[Quintus Curtius Rufus]]' ''[[Histories of Alexander the Great]]'' and the chapter ''Alexander – Caesar'' from the ''[[Parallel Lives|Vitae parallelae]]'' by [[Plutarch]].<ref name="grove"/><ref name="Timms"/>

In addition to these classical sources Metastasio also had more recent dramatic treatments to draw on. These included the 1648 play ''Porus ou La générosité d'Alexandre'' by [[Claude Boyer]] as well as [[Jean Racine]]'s 1665 ''Alexandre le grand''. Both of these versions introduced a love theme into the story just as Metastasio did. There are further similarities with {{ill|Domenico David|de|lt=Domenico David's}} 1691 ''L'amante eroe'', set to music by [[Marc'Antonio Ziani]] and performed in Venice. David had already provided the model for Metastasio's first libretto ''[[Siface, re di Numidia]]''.<ref name="grove"/><ref name="Timms"/>

Metastasio introduced several new elements to the story of Alexander and Porus in ''Alessandro nell'Indie''. Firstly he introduced the jealousy motive with Porus, creating a tension between him and Cleofide not found in earlier works. He also introduced the new character of Timagene, and, with him, a revenge motive.<ref name="Timms"/>

The libretto offers a typical example of the hierarchy of roles in an opera from around 1730. At the top is the ruler, here Alessandro. He is opposed by the first pair of lovers Cleofide and Poro. A second pair, Erissena and Gandarte, and the traitor Timagene, are subordinate to these figures. Each person embodies a different character type. The magnanimous Alessandro opposes the treacherous Timagene, and the couples also complement each other with their contrasting main features: the jealous Poro combines with the faithful Cleofide, the reliable Gandarte with the coquettish Erissena.<ref name="Leopold" /><ref name="grove"/>

==Adaptations==
Other important settings of the libretto included those by [[Johann Adolph Hasse]], [[Luigi Gatti (composer)|Luigi Gatti]] and [[Giovanni Pacini]]. Hasse's adaptation was entitled ''Cleofide'' to reflect the prominence it gave to the role of the heroine, played by Hasse's wife [[Faustina Bordoni]]. [[George Frideric Handel]]'s 1731 treatment, (''[[Poro (opera)|Poro]]''), was particularly admired. To suit the tastes of a London audience he cut back the recitative; the first four scenes of Act 2 were also cut to move the action along. Handel replaced various arias in Metastasio's text with new ones which he considered to have greater dramatic expression. Furthermore, as the baritone who was to play Timagene, Giovanni Commano, was not a strong singer, so Handel cut much of the material his role was to have sung.<ref name="Timms"/>{{rp|122–125}}

Handel's version was sung at least 27 times at the Hamburg [[Oper am Gänsemarkt|Gänsemarkt-Oper]] under the title ''Triumph der Grossmuth und Treue, oder CLEOFIDA, Königin von Indien'' with a German translation of the recitative by {{ill|Christoph Gottlieb Wend|de}}.<ref name="Baselt2">Bernd Baselt: ''Thematisch-systematisches Verzeichnis. Bühnenwerke.'' In: Walter Eisen (Ed.): ''Händel-Handbuch: Band 1.'' Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1978, {{ISBN|3-7618-0610-8}} (Unveränderter Nachdruck, Kassel 2008, {{ISBN|3-7618-0610-8}}), pp.353ff.</ref><ref name="Zauft" />

Metastasio also created a shortened version of the libretto in 1753 for his friend [[Farinelli]] (Carlo Broschi).<ref name="grove"/><ref name="MF">{{cite book|author=Martha Feldman|title=Opera and Sovereignty: Transforming Myths in Eighteenth-Century Italy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xc-NFOnWQ0QC&pg=PA232|date=2010-10-05|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-04454-5|page=232}}</ref>

==Settings to music==

The following composers used the libretto as the basis for an opera:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%" border="1"
|-
! Year
! Composer
! Premiere (notes)
! First performed

|-
| 1729
| data-sort-value="Vinci, Leonardo"|[[Leonardo Vinci]]
| data-sort-value="1730"|2 January 1730, Teatro delle Dame, Rome.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Vinci)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000051984 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="REM"/><ref>[http://operabaroque.fr/VINCI_ALESSANDRO.htm ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Leonardo Vinci)], ''operabaroque.fr'', accessed 23 January 2015.</ref> Also performed for Carnival 1731 at the Teatro San Sebastiano in Livorno ([[pasticcio]]); Carnival 1732 at the Teatro Moderno in Reggio Emilia; on 29 January 1732 at the Teatro Cocomero in Florence (pasticcio); Carnival 1733 at the Teatro dell'Accademia degli Erranti in Brescia; revised for Carnival 1734 at the Teatro Pascolini in Urbino; revised for Carnival 1735 at the Hoftheater Munich (with music by [[Johann Adolph Hasse]] and probably [[Giovanni Battista Ferrandini]]); revised for Carnival 1736 at the [[Teatro Regio di Parma|Teatro Ducale]] in Parma; 1740 at the Teatro in Lucca.<ref group="digital">[https://archive.org/details/alessandronellin00vinc Libretto of Leonardo Vinci's setting, Rome 1730] at the [[Internet Archive]].</ref><ref group="digital">[http://imslp.org/wiki/Alessandro_nell%27Indie_%28Vinci,_Leonardo%29 Score of Leonardo Vinci's setting] at the [[International Music Score Library Project]].</ref>
| Rome
|-
| 1731
| data-sort-value="Predieri, Luca Antonio"|[[Luca Antonio Predieri]]
| data-sort-value="1731-01-01"|Carnival 1731, Teatro Regio Ducale, Milan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Predieri)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000055036 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=20213 Libretto of Predieri's setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref>
| Milan
|-
| 1731
| data-sort-value="Porpora, Nicola Antonio"|[[Nicola Antonio Porpora]]
| data-sort-value="1731-01-01"|Carnival 1731, [[Teatro Regio di Torino|Teatro Regio]], Turin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pore |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000055177 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> as ''Poro''
| Turin
|-
| 1731
| data-sort-value="Handel, George Frideric"|[[George Frideric Handel]]<br/>→ ''[[Poro (opera)|Poro]]''
| data-sort-value="1731-02-02"|2 February 1731, [[Her Majesty's Theatre|King's Theatre]]<ref>{{cite web |title= Poro, re dell'Indie |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000054755 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>Jonathan Keates: ''Handel: The Man & His Music'', S.&nbsp;179  ([https://books.google.com/books?id=QbO8uesIMUEC&pg=PA179 online], Google Books).</ref><ref name="operabaroque.fr">[http://operabaroque.fr/HAENDEL_PORO.htm ''Poro'' (Georg Friedrich Haendel)], ''operabaroque.fr'', accessed 23 January 2015.</ref> as ''Poro, re dell'Indie'' with an English translation by Humphreys; 1732 in [[Hamburg]] as ''Triumph der Grossmuth und Treue, oder CLEOFIDA, Königin von Indien'' with a German translation of the recitative by Christoph Gottlieb Wend and recitatives by [[Georg Philipp Telemann]]; for the summer fair 1732 at the {{ill|Opernhaus am Hagenmarkt|de}}, Brunswick, as ''Poro ed Alessandro''; revised with music by [[Giovanni Alberto Ristori]] and [[Leonardo Vinci]] on 8 December 1736 at [[Royal Opera House|Covent Garden]] in London.<ref group="digital">[https://archive.org/details/pororedellindied00hand Italian/English libretto of Handel's setting] at the [[Internet Archive]].</ref><ref group="digital">[http://nbn-resolving.de/urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00056631-1 Italian/German libretto of Handel's setting, Brunswick 1732] at the [[Munich Digitization Center]].</ref><ref group="digital">[http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB00007B8E00000000 German libretto of Handel's setting, Hamburg 1732] at the [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]].</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.museum-digital.de/san/index.php?t=objekt&oges=6086 Score of Handel's setting, London 1731] at the [[Handel House]] Foundation.</ref><ref group="digital">[http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00016924-4 Score of Handel's setting, Chrysander edition, Leipzig 1880] at the [[Munich Digitization Center]].</ref>
| London
|-
| 1731
| data-sort-value="Hasse, Johann Adolph"|[[Johann Adolph Hasse]]<br/>→ ''[[Cleofide]]''
| data-sort-value="1731-09-13"|13 September 1731, [[Opernhaus am Zwinger|Hoftheater]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Cleofide |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/APC0004256 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="operabaroque_hasse">[http://operabaroque.fr/HASSE_CLEOFIDE.htm ''Cleofide'' (Johann Adolf Hasse)], ''operabaroque.fr'', accessed 23 January 2015.</ref> Libretto adapted by Michelangelo Boccardi as ''Cleophis'' or ''Cleofide''; revised several times; also performed under its original title ''Alessandro nell'Indie''; 1737 in Ferrara in a setting by [[Antonio Vivaldi]];<ref>Reinhard Strohm: ''The Operas of Antonio Vivaldi.'' Leo S. Olschki, Florenz 2008, {{ISBN|978-88-222-5682-9}}, Band II, S.&nbsp;596&nbsp;ff.</ref> other performances until 1777 in Venice, Naples, Graz, Klagenfurt, Verona, Bratislava, Florence, Lucca and Berlin.<ref group="digital">[http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10686828-1 Italian/German libretto of the setting by Johann Adolph Hasse, Dresden 1731], at the [[Munich Digitization Center]].</ref><ref group="digital">[http://digital.slub-dresden.de/en/workview/dlf/24234/ Score of Hasse's setting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222105735/https://digital.slub-dresden.de/en/workview/dlf/24234/ |date=2019-12-22 }} at the [[Saxon State and University Library Dresden]].</ref>
| Dresden
|-
| 1732
| data-sort-value="Mancini, Francesco"|[[Francesco Mancini (composer)|Francesco Mancini]]
| data-sort-value="1732-01-01"|Carnival 1732, Teatro San Bartolomeo <ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Mancini)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000056662 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://operabaroque.fr/MANCINI_ALESSANDRO.htm ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Francesco Mancini)], ''operabaroque.fr'', accessed 23 January 2015.</ref><ref group="digital">[http://nbn-resolving.de/urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00043939-1 Italian libretto of Mancini's setting] at the [[Munich Digitization Center]].</ref>
| Naples
|-
| 1732
| data-sort-value="Pescetti, Giovanni Battista"|[[Giovanni Battista Pescetti]]
| data-sort-value="1732-01-30"|30 January 1732, [[Teatro San Angelo|Teatro Sant'Angelo]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Pescetti)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000055369 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://operabaroque.fr/PESCETTI_ALESSANDRO.htm ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Giovanni Pattista Pescetti)], ''operabaroque.fr'', accessed 23 January 2015.</ref><ref group="digital">[http://nbn-resolving.de/urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb00049439-6 Italian libretto of Pescetti's setting] at the [[Munich Digitization Center]].</ref>
| Venice
|-
| 1733
| data-sort-value="Bioni, Antonio"|[[Antonio Bioni]]
| data-sort-value="1733"|Carnival 1733, Theater im Ballhaus<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Bioni)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000650114 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref>
| Breslau
|-
| 1734
| data-sort-value="Schiassi, Gaetano Maria"|{{ill|Gaetano Maria Schiassi|de}}
| data-sort-value="1734-02"|20 February 1734, Teatro Formagliari<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Schiassi)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000057290 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=21334 Italian libretto of Schiassi's setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref> also in 1736 at the Academia da Trindade in Lisbon
| Bologna
|-
| 1734
| data-sort-value="Lucchini, Matteo"|Matteo Lucchini
| data-sort-value="1734-09"|Nuovo Teatro della Città Piccola<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Lucchini)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000057574 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref>
| Prague
|-
| 1736
| data-sort-value="Duni, Egidio"|[[Egidio Duni]] (authorship doubtful) 
| data-sort-value="1736-01"|Carnival 1736, Teatro Pubblico<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Duni) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000057753 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| [[Prato]]
|-
| 1736
| data-sort-value="Sarro, Domenico"|[[Domenico Sarro]]
| data-sort-value="1736-11"|4 November 1736, Teatro San Bartolomeo<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Sarro)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000057753 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> also for Carnival 1743 at the [[Teatro San Carlo]] in Naples
| Naples
|-
| 1738
| data-sort-value="Galuppi, Baldassare"|[[Baldassare Galuppi]]
| data-sort-value="1738-01"|Carnival 1738, Teatro Regio Ducale Nuovo <ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Galuppi)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000058045 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=16446 Italian libretto of Galuppi's setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref> first version; also 1752 in Stuttgart and 1755 in Munich
| Mantua
|-
| 1738
| data-sort-value="Corselli, Francesco"|[[Francesco Corselli]]
| data-sort-value="1738-05"|9 May 1738, Real Teatro del Buen Retiro <ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Corselli)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000057907 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[https://books.google.com/books/ucm?vid=UCM5323782212 Italian/Spanish libretto of Corselli's setting] (Google Books).</ref> for the wedding of [[Charles III of Spain|King Charles of Naples]] with [[Maria Amalia of Saxony]]
| Madrid
|-
| 1739
| anonymous
| data-sort-value="1739"|1739, Teatro di Piazza, Vicenza<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (anon1)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00309137 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (anon2)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000399573 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (anon3)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000363783 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (anon4)|url= http://corago.unibo.it/libretto/DD00058721 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> further performances of anonymous settings or [[pasticcio]]s in 1741 in Erlangen; Summer 1741 at the Neues Theater in Bratislava; on 28 January 1748 at the Teatro Cocomero in Florence; Autumn 1750 at the Teatro Pubblico in [[Sassuolo]]; on 14 April 1752 at the Teatro Cocomero in Florence; on 13 October 1761 at the [[Her Majesty's Theatre|King's Theatre am Haymarket]] in London; on 21 May 1786 at the Teatro degli Intrepidi in Florence.
| Vicenza
|-
| 1740
| data-sort-value="Fabri, Annibale Pio"|[[Annibale Pio Fabri]]
| data-sort-value="1740"|January 1740, Teatro Condes<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Fabri)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000058728 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Lisbon
|-
| 1742
| data-sort-value="Brivio, Giuseppe Ferdinando"|[[Giuseppe Ferdinando Brivio]]
| data-sort-value="1742"|Carnival 1742, Teatro Regio Ducale<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Brivio) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000362800 |website=corago.unibo.it |publisher=University of Bologna |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Milan
|-
| 1743
| data-sort-value="Uttini, Francesco Antonio"|[[Francesco Antonio Uttini]]
| data-sort-value="1743"|1743<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Uttini) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000362432 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Genoa
|-
| 1743
| data-sort-value="Jommelli, Niccolò"|[[Niccolò Jommelli]]
| data-sort-value="1743-12-26"|26 December 1743, Teatro Bonacossi<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Jomelli)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000177143 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=17406 Italian libretto of Jommelli's setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref> first version
| Ferrara
|-
| 1744
| data-sort-value="Perez, Davide"|[[Davide Perez]]
| data-sort-value="1744-01"|Carnival 1744, Teatro Falcone<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Perez 1st version)|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000362237 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[https://archive.org/details/alessandronellin00pere Italian libretto of Perez's setting] at the [[Internet Archive]].</ref> first version, also on 23 January 1752 at the Teatro Regio Ducale in Milan
| Genoa
|-
| 1744
| data-sort-value="Graun, Carl Heinrich"|[[Carl Heinrich Graun]]
| data-sort-value="1744-12-21"|21 December 1744, [[Staatsoper Unter den Linden|Königliche Hofoper]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro e Poro  |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000177995 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun" /><ref group="digital">[http://imslp.org/wiki/Alessandro_e_Poro,_GraunWV_B:I:10_%28Graun,_Karl_Heinrich%29 Score of Graun's setting] at the [[International Music Score Library Project]].</ref> as ''Alessandro e Poro''; new production in 1784
| Berlin
|-
| 1744
| data-sort-value="Gluck, Christoph Willibald"|[[Christoph Willibald Gluck]]
| data-sort-value="1744-12-26"|26 December 1744, Teatro Regio<ref>{{cite web |title=Poro|url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000057143 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> as ''Poro''; only the Sinfonia, four arias and a duet survive.
| Turin
|-
| 1745
| data-sort-value="Chiarini, Pietro"|[[Pietro Chiarini]]
| data-sort-value="1745-01"|Carnival 1745, [[Teatro Filarmonico di Verona|Teatro Filarmonico]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Chiarini) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000372506 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Verona
|-
| 1746
| data-sort-value="Pellegrini, Pietro"|Pietro Pellegrini
| data-sort-value="1746"|1746, Novo Teatro, Brescia<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Pellegrini)|url= http://corago.unibo.it/evento/0000402983 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Brescia
|-
| 1747
| data-sort-value="Abos, Girolamo"|[[Girolamo Abos]]
| data-sort-value="1747"|July and August 1747, Teatro La Fenice, Ancona<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Abos)|url= http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000372042 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=13434 Italian libretto of Abos' setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]]''.</ref> also in Autumn 1750 at the Teatro in Lucca
| Ancona
|-
| 1748
| data-sort-value="Wagenseil, Georg Christoph"|[[Georg Christoph Wagenseil]]
| data-sort-value="1748"|17 July 1748, [[Burgtheater]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Wagenseil, Georg Christoph |url=http://www.operone.de/komponist/wagenseil.html |website=operaone.de |access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref> German translation 
| Vienna
|-
| 1749
| data-sort-value="Scalabrini, Paolo"|{{ill|Paolo Scalabrini|de}}
| data-sort-value="1749"|1749, [[Det Kongelige Teater]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Scalabrini)|url= http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000624692 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Copenhagen
|-
| 1750
| data-sort-value="Rutini, Giovanni Marco"|[[Giovanni Marco Rutini]]
| data-sort-value="1750"|Carnival 1750, [[Divadlo v Kotcích|Theater an der Kotzen]], Prague<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Rutini)|url= http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000365893 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://operadata.stanford.edu/catalog/10127151 ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Giovanni Marco Rutini)] at ''Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres'', Stanford University, accessed 2 January 2020.</ref>
| Prague
|-
| 1750
| data-sort-value="Scolari, Giuseppe"|{{ill|Giuseppe Scolari|de}}
| data-sort-value="1750"|Carnival 1750, Teatro di Piazza, Vicenza<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Scolari)|url= http://corago.unibo.it/evento/0000351599 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> also on 23 May 1759 at the [[Teatro Goldoni (Venice)|Teatro Vendramin di San Salvatore]] in Venice
| Vicenza
|-
| 1752
| data-sort-value="Fiorillo, Ignazio"|[[Ignazio Fiorillo]]
| data-sort-value="1752"|1752, {{ill|Opernhaus am Hagenmarkt|de}}, Brunswick<ref>[http://operadata.stanford.edu/catalog/10109933 ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Ignazio Fiorillo)] at ''Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres'', Stanford University, accessed 2 January 2020.</ref>
| Brunswick
|-
| 1752
| data-sort-value="Calderara, Giacinto"|{{ill|Giacinto Calderara|it}}
| data-sort-value="1752"|1752, Palazzo del marchese Solerio, Alessandria<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Calderara)|url= http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000379722  |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://operadata.stanford.edu/catalog/10104692 ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Giacinto Calderara)] at ''Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres'', Stanford University, accessed 2 January 2020.</ref>
| Alessandria
|-
| 1752
| data-sort-value="Latilla, Gaetano"|[[Gaetano Latilla]]
| data-sort-value="1752-12"|around 26 December 1752, [[Teatro San Cassiano]];<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Latilla)|url= http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000351190 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> also contained music by other composers
| Venice
|-
| 1753
| data-sort-value="Scarlatti, Giuseppe"|[[Giuseppe Scarlatti]]
| data-sort-value="1753-05"|12 May 1753, Teatro Pubblico<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (G. Scarlatti)|url= http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00308927 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Reggio Emilia
|-
| 1754
| data-sort-value="Santarelli, Giuseppe"|[[Giuseppe Santarelli]]
| data-sort-value="1754"|1754<ref>[http://operadata.stanford.edu/catalog/10127608 ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Giuseppe Santarelli)] at ''Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres'', Stanford University, accessed 2 January 2020.</ref>
| [[Terni]]
|-
| 1754
| data-sort-value="Agricola, Johann Friedrich"|[[Johann Friedrich Agricola]]
| data-sort-value="1754-01-01"|Carnival 1754, [[Staatsoper Unter den Linden|Königliche Hofoper]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Cleofide (Agricola) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000587180 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> as ''Cleofide''
| Berlin
|-
| 1754
| data-sort-value="Galuppi, Baldassare"|[[Baldassare Galuppi]]
| data-sort-value="1754-01-20"|20 January 1754, [[Teatro San Carlo]]<ref name="Alessandro nell'Indie Galuppi">{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Galuppi) |url= http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000058045 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> second version
| Naples
|-
| 1755
| data-sort-value="Galuppi, Baldassare"|[[Baldassare Galuppi]]
| data-sort-value="1755-01"|Carnival 1755<ref name="Alessandro nell'Indie Galuppi"/><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=16447 Italian libretto of Galuppi's setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref> third version; also on Ascension Day 1755 at the [[Teatro San Samuele]] in Venice; adapted on 12 October 1755 in Munich; other performances in subsequent years in Brescia, Lodi, Florence, Vicenza and Padua.
| Parma
|-
| 1755
| data-sort-value="Perez, Davide"|[[Davide Perez]]
| data-sort-value="1755-03"|31 March 1755, [[Ópera do Tejo]]<ref>{{cite journal |last=Blichmann |first=Diana |title=Water Symbols in the Stage Design of ''Alessandro nell'Indie'': The Portuguese Exploration of India and Political Propaganda at the Lisbon Royal Court Opera in 1755 |journal=Music in Art: International Journal for Music Iconography |volume=44 |issue=1–2 |date=2019 |pages=139–168 |issn=1522-7464 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Perez, 2nd version) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000365436 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> second version, for the opening of the opera house; also 1764 in [[Cádiz]]
| Lisbon
|-
| 1755
| data-sort-value="Araja, Francesco"|[[Francesco Araja]]
| data-sort-value="1755-12"|18.–29. December 1755, [[Hermitage Museum|Hermitage]] Theater<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Araja) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000376847 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?PPN662644581 Italian libretto of Araja's setting] at the [[Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum]].</ref> also 1759 in [[Oranienbaum, Russia|Oranienbaum]]
| St Petersburg
|-
| 1758
| data-sort-value="Piccinni, Niccolò"|[[Niccolò Piccinni]]
| data-sort-value="1758"|21 January 1758, Teatro Argentina<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Piccinni) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00329907 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> first version, also in the Summer of 1762 at the Teatro di Santa Cecilia in Palermo
| Rome
|-
| 1759
| data-sort-value="Holzbauer, Ignaz"|[[Ignaz Holzbauer]]
| data-sort-value="1759"|Carnival 1759, Teatro Regio Ducale<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Holzbauer) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000378329 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Milan
|-
| 1760
| data-sort-value="Jommelli, Niccolò"|[[Niccolò Jommelli]]
| data-sort-value="1760"|11 February 1760, Herzogliches Theater<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Jommelli) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000177152 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> second version; adapted by {{ill|João Cordeiro da Silva|it}} on 6 June 1776 in Lisbon
| Stuttgart
|-
| 1761
| data-sort-value="Barba, Daniel Dal"|{{ill|Daniel Dal Barba|it}}
| data-sort-value="1761-01"|Carnival 1761, [[Teatro Filarmonico di Verona|Teatro Filarmonico]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Dal Barba) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000402228 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Verona
|-
| 1761
| data-sort-value="Sarti, Giuseppe"|[[Giuseppe Sarti]]
| data-sort-value="1761-09"|Autumn 1761, [[Det Kongelige Teater]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Sarti) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000366184 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> first version; adapted in June 1766 for the Nuovo Teatro in Padua
| Copenhagen
|-
| 1761
| data-sort-value="Cocchi, Gioacchino"|[[Gioacchino Cocchi]]
| data-sort-value="1761-10"|13 October 1761, [[Her Majesty's Theatre|King's Theatre]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Cocchi, Gioacchino |url=http://www.operone.de/komponist/cocchi.html |website=operone.de |access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref>
| London
|-
| 1762
| data-sort-value="Bach, Johann Christian"|[[Johann Christian Bach]]
| data-sort-value="1762-01"|20 January 1762, [[Teatro San Carlo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (J.C. Bach) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000163753 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> also Carnival 1778 at the Teatro in [[Lodi, Lombardy|Lodi]]
| Naples
|-
| 1762
| data-sort-value="Traetta, Tommaso"|[[Tommaso Traetta]]
| data-sort-value="1762-04"|29 April 1762, Teatro Pubblico<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Traetta) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000356437 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Reggio Emilia
|-
| 1763
| data-sort-value="Brunetti, Giovan Gualberto"|[[Giovan Gualberto Brunetti]]
| data-sort-value="1763-01"|Carnival 1763, Teatro Pubblico<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Brunetti) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000362869 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Pisa
|-
| 1763
| data-sort-value="Sacchini, Antonio"|[[Antonio Sacchini]]
| data-sort-value="1763-05"|Ascension fair 1763, [[Teatro Goldoni (Venice)|Teatro San Salvatore]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Sacchini) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00324988 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> first version; also Carnival 1766 at the [[Teatro Regio di Torino|Teatro Regio]] in Turin
| Venice
|-
| 1764
| data-sort-value="Fischietti, Domenico"|[[Domenico Fischietti]]
| data-sort-value="1764-01"|Carnival 1764, [[Divadlo v Kotcích|Theater an der Kotzen]]<ref>{{cite web |title=L'Alessandro nell'Indie (Fischietti) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000364408 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://operadata.stanford.edu/catalog/10110008 ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Domenico Fischietti)] at ''Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres'', Stanford University, accessed 3 January 2020.</ref>
| Prague
|-
| 1764
| data-sort-value="Sciroli, Gregorio"|{{ill|Gregorio Sciroli|it}}
| data-sort-value="1764-05"|31 May 1764, [[Teatro Comunale di Bologna|Teatro Comunale]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Sciroli) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000148677 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=21357 Italian libretto of Sciroli's setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref> also Carnival 1774 at the [[Accademia degli Intronati]] in Siena
| Bologna
|-
| 1766
| data-sort-value="Majo, Gian Francesco de"|[[Gian Francesco de Majo]]
| data-sort-value="1766"|5 November 1766, Hoftheater<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (de Majo) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000373187 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Libretto adapted by [[Mattia Verazi]]
| Mannheim
|-
| 1768
| data-sort-value="Naumann, Johann Gottlieb"|[[Johann Gottlieb Naumann]]
| data-sort-value="1768"|not performed; composed for the [[Teatro San Benedetto]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Naumann) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00324163 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Venice
|-
| 1768
| data-sort-value="Gatti, Luigi"|[[Luigi Gatti (composer)|Luigi Gatti]]
| data-sort-value="1768-06"|24 June 1768, Teatro Regio Ducale Vecchio<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Gatti) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00322210 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Mantua
|-
| 1768
| data-sort-value="Sacchini, Antonio"|[[Antonio Sacchini]]
| data-sort-value="1768-7"|Summer 1768, [[Teatro San Carlo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Sacchini) |url= http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00324988 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> second version; also Carnival 1771 at the Teatro San Sebastiano in Livorno; Carnival 1773 at the Teatro de' Nobili in Perugia
| Naples
|-
| 1769
| data-sort-value="Bertoni, Ferdinando"|[[Ferdinando Bertoni]]
| data-sort-value="1769-03"|Spring 1769, Teatro Falcone<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Bertoni) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00323703 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> also on 26 December 1770 at the [[Teatro San Benedetto]] in Venice
| Genoa
|-
| 1769
| data-sort-value="Koželuh, Jan Antonín"|[[Jan Antonín Koželuh]]
| data-sort-value="1769-12"|Winter 1769, Königliches Theater<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Koželuh) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000168655 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Prague
|-
| 1772
| data-sort-value="Anfossi, Pasquale"|[[Pasquale Anfossi]]
| data-sort-value="1772"|7 January 1772, Teatro Argentina<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Anfossi) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00331261 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[https://www.loc.gov/item/2010664420/ Italian libretto of Anfossi's setting] at the [[Library of Congress]].</ref> also on 4 November 1772 at the [[Teatro della Pergola]] in Florence
| Rome
|-
| 1773
| data-sort-value="Paisiello, Giovanni"|[[Giovanni Paisiello]]
| data-sort-value="1773"|26 December 1773, Teatro di Corte<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Paisiello) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00317166 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Modena
|-
| 1774
| data-sort-value="Piccinni, Niccolò"|[[Niccolò Piccinni]]
| data-sort-value="1774-01"|12 January 1774, [[Teatro San Carlo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Piccinni) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00330149 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> second version; also on 26 December 1776 at the [[Teatro della Pergola]] in Florence; also on 12 January 1792 at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples
| Naples
|-
| 1774
| data-sort-value="Corri, Domenico"|[[Domenico Corri]]
| data-sort-value="1774-12"|3 December 1774, [[Her Majesty's Theatre|King's Theatre]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Corri) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00334271 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Libretto adapted by Giovan Gualberto Bottarelli
| London
|-
| 1775
| data-sort-value="Monza, Carlo Ignazio"|[[Carlo Ignazio Monza]]
| data-sort-value="1775-01"|28 January 1775 Teatro Regio Ducale<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Monza) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00333279 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> also 1776 in Alessandria
| Milan
|-
| 1775
| data-sort-value="Rust, Giacomo"|[[Giacomo Rust]]
| data-sort-value="1775-05"|Ascension 1775, [[Teatro San Samuele]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Rust) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00070221 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=20883 Italian libretto of the Rust setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref>
| Venice
|-
| 1778
| data-sort-value="Marescalchi, Luigi"|{{ill|Luigi Marescalchi|fr}}
| data-sort-value="1778-05"|27 May 1778, [[Teatro San Benedetto]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Marescalchi) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00335470 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Venice
|-
| 1778
| data-sort-value="Mortellari, Michele"|Michele Mortellari
| data-sort-value="1778-07"|22 July 1778, Accademia degli Intronati<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Mortellari) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00318606 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> also in the Autumn of 1783 at the Teatro Pubblico in Lucca
| Siena
|-
| 1778
| data-sort-value="Vincenti, Melchiorre de"|Melchiorre de Vincenti or Giuseppe de Vincenti
| data-sort-value="1778-10"|October fair 1778, Teatro Civico, Alessandria <ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (de Vincenti) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/0000168507 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://operadata.stanford.edu/catalog/10132075 ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Giuseppe de Vincenti)] at ''Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres'', Stanford University, accessed 2 January 2020</ref>
| Alessandria
|-
| 1779
| data-sort-value="Calegari, Antonio"|[[Antonio Calegari]]
| data-sort-value="1779"|Carnival 1779, Teatro Filarmonico<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Calegari) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00318799 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Verona
|-
| 1781
| data-sort-value="Cimarosa, Domenico"|[[Domenico Cimarosa]]
| data-sort-value="1781"|11 February 1781, Teatro Argentina<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Cimarosa) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00315527 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Rome
|-
| 1784
| data-sort-value="Cherubini, Luigi"|[[Luigi Cherubini]]
| data-sort-value="1784"|April 1784, Teatro Regio Ducale Nuovo<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Cherubini) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00302250 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> two acts; also Carnival 1786 at the Teatro della Nobile Associazione in Cremona; Autumn 1788 at the Teatro degli Armeni in Livorno
| Mantua
|-
| 1785
| data-sort-value="Chiavacci, Vincenzo"|{{ill|Vincenzo Chiavacci|ca}}
| data-sort-value="1785"|1785, Teatro Sant'Agostino<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Chiavacci) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00337453 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://operadata.stanford.edu/catalog/10105768 ''Alessandro nell'Indie'' (Vincenzo Chiavacci)] at ''Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres'', Stanford University, accessed 2 January 2020.</ref>
| Genoa
|-
| 1785
| data-sort-value="Bianchi, Francesco"|[[Francesco Bianchi (composer)|Francesco Bianchi]]
| data-sort-value="1785-01"|28 January 1785, [[Teatro San Benedetto]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Bianchi) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00312585 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> Further performances until 1795 in Trieste, Eszterháza, Verona, Bologna, Bergamo, Venice and Udine
| Venice
|-
| 1787
| data-sort-value="Caruso, Luigi"|Luigi Caruso
| data-sort-value="1787-01"|Carnival 1787, Teatro delle Dame<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Caruso) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00326094 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref> also Carnival 1791 at the [[Teatro San Samuele]] in Venice; 1796 at the Teatro di San Giacomo in Corfu; on 24 June 1800 at the [[Teatro San Carlo]] in Naples
| Rome
|-
| 1787
| data-sort-value="Sarti, Giuseppe"|[[Giuseppe Sarti]]
| data-sort-value="1787-12"|Winter 1787, Teatro di Santa Cecilia<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Sarti) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00315015 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=21148 Italian libretto of Sarti's setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref> second version 
| Palermo
|-
| 1788
| data-sort-value="Tarchi, Angelo"|[[Angelo Tarchi (composer)|Angelo Tarchi]]
| data-sort-value="1788"|Carnival 1788, [[Teatro alla Scala]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Tarchi) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00311416 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10578886-2 Italian libretto of Tarchi's setting] at the [[Munich Digitization Center]].</ref> also 1789 at the [[Her Majesty's Theatre|King's Theatre]] in London; Summer 1791 adapted by [[Carlo Francesco Badini]] as ''La generosità di Alessandro'' in Siena; Autumn 1791 in Livorno; other versions on 20 January 1798 at the [[Teatro Regio di Torino|Teatro Regio]] in Turin and January 1802 at the [[Teatro della Pergola]] in Florence
| Milan
|-
| 1789
| data-sort-value="Guglielmi, Pietro Alessandro"|[[Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi]]
| data-sort-value="1789"|4 November 1789, [[Teatro San Carlo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Guglielmi) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00320580 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=17096 Italian libretto of Guglielmi's setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref>
| Naples
|-
| 1800
| data-sort-value="Gnecco, Francesco"|Francesco Gnecco
| data-sort-value="1800"|1800, Teatro degli Avvalorati<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Gnecco) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/7A00315204 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref>
| Livorno
|-
| 1811
| data-sort-value="Ritter, Peter"|[[Johann Peter Ritter]]
| data-sort-value="1811"|26 December 1811, Hof-und Nationaltheater<ref>[http://operadata.stanford.edu/catalog/10126312 ''Alexander in Indien'' (Peter Ritter)] at ''Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres'', Stanford University, accessed 2 January 2020.</ref> Grand heroic opera in 2 acts, libretto freely adapted by Georg Christian Römer as ''Alexander in Indien (Die Macedonier am Indus)''
| Mannheim
|-
| 1824
| data-sort-value="Pacini, Giovanni"|[[Giovanni Pacini]] <br/>→ '' [[Alessandro nelle Indie (Pacini)|Alessandro nelle Indie]]''
| data-sort-value="1824"|29 September 1824, [[Teatro San Carlo]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro nell'Indie (Pacini) |url=http://corago.unibo.it/opera/Z000047966 |website=corago.unibo.it |access-date=26 December 2019}}</ref><ref group="digital">[http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/scripts/gaspari/scheda.asp?id=18945 Italian libretto of Pacini's setting] at the [[Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica]].</ref> Libretto adapted by [[Giovanni Schmidt]]; also on 26 December 1826 at the [[Teatro alla Scala]] in Milan; 1827 at the Teatro Carolino in Palermo; on 19 January 1828 at the [[Teatro La Fenice]] in Venice
| Naples
|}

==Recent performances and recordings==
* [[Johann Christian Bach]]: 2000: Performed in the Schlosstheater [[Sanssouci]] in Potsdam, [[Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin]].<ref>[http://www.euro-opera.de/ARCHBO00.html#22.08.2000%2020:05:01 ''Oper im Radio 2000''] at ''euro-opera.de'', accessed 1 January 2020.</ref>
* [[Baldassare Galuppi]]: 2015: Performed at the [[Mainfranken Theater Würzburg]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pacolt |first1=Udo |title=Würzburg: Alessandro nell'Indie by Baldassare Galuppi |url=https://onlinemerker.com/wuerzburg-alessandro-nell-indie-von-baldassare-galuppi/ |website=onlinemerker.com |publisher=Online Merker |access-date=28 December 2019}}</ref>
* [[George Frideric Handel]]: 1956, 1957 and 1959: Performed at the [[Handel Festival, Halle|Händel-Festspiele Halle]], also recorded, by the Händelfestspielorchester Halle.<ref name="operabaroque.fr" /> 1994: Concert performance at the [[Opéra de Monte-Carlo]], recorded on CD by [[Europa Galante]].<ref name="operabaroque.fr" /> 2006: Performed at the {{ill|Deutsches Theater Göttingen|de}}, recorded on CD by the [[Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin]].<ref name="operabaroque.fr" />
* [[Johann Adolph Hasse]]: 1986/1992: CD. [[Cappella Coloniensis]], [[Rheinische Kantorei]].<ref name="operabaroque_hasse" /> 1994: Concert performance at the [[Théâtre du Châtelet]] Paris, the [[Konzerthaus Vienna]] and in Montreux. Les Arts Florissants, Leitung: William Christie.<ref name="operabaroque_hasse" /> 2005-2009: Performed at the [[Semperoper]], Dresden. Staatsopernchor und Staatskapelle Dresden.<ref name="operabaroque_hasse" />
* [[Gian Francesco de Majo]]: 2008: Performed at the [[Nationaltheater Mannheim]], recorded on CD. Nationaltheater-Orchester Mannheim.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alessandro (Mattia Verazi after Pietro Metastasio, Alessandro |url=http://www.operone.de/opern/alesmajo.html |website=operone.de |access-date=2 January 2020}}</ref>
* [[Giovanni Pacini]]: 2007: CD. [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]], Geoffrey Mitchell Choir.<ref>{{AllMusic|class=album|id=mw0001396816|title=''Pacini: Alessandro nell'Indie'' – David Parry, Bruce Ford, Jennifer Larmore, London Philharmonic Orchestra}}</ref>
* [[Leonardo Vinci]]: [https://www.arte.tv/de/videos/110627-003-A/alessandro-nell-indie-von-leonardo-vinci/ Arte TV broadcast of the 2022 Bayreuth production of ''Alessandro nel Indie'']

==External links==

{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.liberliber.it/online/autori/autori-m/pietro-metastasio-alias-pietro-trapassi/alessandro-nellindie/ online version of the libretto (Italian)] 
* [http://musirony.de.tl/Alessandro-nell-h-Ind%EDe.htm plot summary of the version by Giovanni Pacini] 
* [http://musirony.de.tl/Cleofide.htm plot summary of the version by Johann Adolph Hasse]

==Digital versions==
<references group="digital">
<ref group="digital" name="libretto_graun">[http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB0000838500000000 Italian/German Libretto for the setting by Carl Heinrich Graun, Berlin 1784], digital copy at the [[Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin]].</ref>
</references>

==References==

<references>
<ref name="Leopold">[[Silke Leopold]]: ''Händel. Die Opern.'' Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel 2009, {{ISBN|978-3-7618-1991-3}}, S.&nbsp;60 ff.</ref>
<ref name="Zauft">Karin Zauft: Programme notes for ''Händel: Poro.'' Landestheater Halle/S.&nbsp;1981.</ref>
</references>

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[[Category:Libretti by Metastasio]]
[[Category:1730 operas]]
[[Category:Italian-language operas]]
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[[Category:Operas based on classical mythology]]
[[Category:Operas set in Pakistan]]