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Amikuk

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Amikuk
GroupingMonster
Sub groupingShapeshifter
FolkloreYup'ik, Legendary creature
Other name(s)A-Mi-Kuk
Amikut
Qamungelriit[1]
CountryUnited States of America
RegionAlaska

The Amikuk is a creature of Yup'ik legend, said to live within the ground.

As a shapeshifter, the Amikuk is said to take many forms, and to behave differently dependent on where a person encounters them. In the sea, it is reported to be hairless with four arms.[2] Its skin is leathery, and it will attack hunters in their kayaks, dragging them under the water to be eaten.[3] As it lives within the ground, the Amikuk will pursue hunters onto land, swimming through the earth as easily as they swim through the water.[4][1]

In its natural habitat within the earth itself, the Amikuk is said to turn the surface a person is walking on into quicksand by quickly "swimming" around them.[4] If a person is holding a walking stick, they will become tired as this is happening. The Amikuk will then swim upwards, into the person themselves, making the person they now inhabit weak.[4] An Amikuk may also jump through a person, which causes them to "lie down and [die]".[1]

The Amikuk can also take the form of a human, which it may do when it is "tired of being amikut for a long time".[1] In human form, the Amikuk may be referred to as a Qamungelriit.[1] Yup'ik elders describe coming across an Amikuk pulling a sled across the ice, which it can only do in a straight line. If a person encounters an Amikuk in human form, they should sit down with their back to the creature, and not speak to it.[1] The Amikuk is then said to offer gifts of increasing value.[2] The legends state that a person should be silent until the Amikuk has offered the person everything they need, or everything that is on their mind.[1][3]

When the Amikuk is shot, it is said to multiply into eight beings.[4]

A traditional Yup'ik mask representing the Amikuk by Aarnaquq (a.k.a. Phillip John Charette) is on permanent display at the Portland Art Museum.[5]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g Fienup-Riordan, Ann (September 1, 1995). Boundaries and Passages: Rule and Ritual in Yup'ik Eskimo Oral Tradition. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806126463.
  2. ^ a b Hill, Erica (2012), "The Nonempirical Past: Enculturated Landscapes and Other-than-Human Persons in Southwest Alaska", Arctic Anthropology, 49 (2), University of Wisconsin Press: 41–57, doi:10.1353/arc.2012.0021, JSTOR 24475856, S2CID 162283778
  3. ^ a b Benedict, Adam. "Folklore Profile: The Amikuk". The Pine Barrens Institute. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d Jacobson, Steven (2013). Yup'ik Eskimo Dictionary Second Edition. The University of Chicago Press. p. 78. ISBN 9781555001155.
  5. ^ Mahoney, Jane (August 12, 2007). "MESSAGE BEHIND THE MASK ; Work of 2006 Artists' Choice award-winner conveys lessons, beliefs of his culture". Albuquerque Journal. p. 38.