Antoine Crozat, 1st Marquis of Châtel

Antoine Crozat, marquis du Châtel (c. 1655 – 7 June 1738), French founder of an immense fortune, was the first proprietary owner of French Louisiana, from 1712 to 1717.

Born in Toulouse, France, the sons of peasants, he and his brother, Pierre, rose from obscurity to become two of the wealthiest merchants of France. By way of lending money to the government, Antoine was ennobled as the marquis du Châtel, a title he transmitted to his elder son Louis-François. He became a financial counselor to Louis XIV. He invested in the Guinea Company and the Asiento Company, two lucrative overseas franchises. The king eventually offered him a 15‑year trade monopoly in Louisiana.

Portrait of Mme Crozat (1670–1742) by Joseph Aved (exhibited at the Salon of 1741)
Montpellier, Musée Fabre

He married Marguerite Legendre. They had four children:

• Marie Anne, who married the comte d'Évreux, Louis Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, son of Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne and Marie Anne Mancini
• Louis François, marquis du Châtel
• Joseph Antoine, marquis de Thugny
• Louis Antoine Crozat, baron de Thiers, whose collection of paintings, inherited from his uncle Pierre Crozat, was purchased after his death for the collection of Catherine II of Russia, through Denis Diderot. The paintings now hang in the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.