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Apollinaris of Clermont

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Apollinaris (died 515) was a Romano-Gallic aristocrat, who led a Roman militia for the Visigoths in the Battle of Vouillé, and was bishop of Clermont for four months before his death.

Life

Apollinaris was the son of the aristocrat and poet Sidonius Apollinaris and Papianilla. A number of contemporary Romano-Gallic aristocrats were his cousins, including bishops Avitus of Vienne and Ruricius of Limoges.

Our earliest records of Apollinaris are in the letters of his father Sidonius. Although Apollinaris is the recipient of one letter (Epistulae III.13), E.H. Warmington considers it a "show-piece" which was never actually sent to him.[1] Sidonius mentions Apollinaris in several of his letters: two allude to his youth (in V.11, he describes Apollinaris as "in these budding years of manhood", and in V.9 hopes that Apollinaris would have children), another mentions Apollinaris' love of hunting,[2] and in the last laments his disinterest in literature.[3] Despite his father's opinion, Apollinaris did at least once display an interest in literature: according to a letter of Ruricius, he helped to distribute his father's writings.[4]

After the Visigothic capture of Clermont, Apollinaris fled the town with comes Victorius to Italy; there Victorius was killed, and Apollinaris was taken captive, but managed to escape with his servant and return home.[5]

Apollinaris apparently got along with king Alaric II far better than Alaric's predecessor, for Gregory of Tours records that Apollinaris led a militia raised in Clermont on the Visigothic side of the Battle of Vouillé in 507.[6] Although several letters written to him from his other cousin, bishop Avitus of Vienne, are dated to the years after that battle,[7] Apollinaris' activities until 515 are unknown. In that year, with the help of his sister Alcima and his wife Placidana, he was appointed bishop of Clermont by the Frankish king Theuderic I. However, he held the office only four months before he died.[8]

He was survived by a son, Arcadius, of whom Gregory of Tours tells several unflattering stories.

References

  1. ^ Sidonius: Poems and Letters (Cambridge: Loeb Classical Library, 1965), vol. 2 p. 47 n.*
  2. ^ Epistulae VIII.6; translated in Anderson, Sidonius, vol. 2 p. 429
  3. ^ Epistulae IX.1; translated in Anderson, Sidonius, vol. 2 p. 503
  4. ^ Epistulae 2.26; translated by Ralph W. Mathisen, Ruricius of Limoges and Friends: A Collection of Letters from Visigothic Gaul (Liverpool: University Press, 1999), pp. 183-185. Mathisen considers it "a more intriguing possibility" that the writings Apollinaris sent to Ruricius were Sidonius' now-lost sermons.
  5. ^ Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Martyrs, translated by Raymond Van Dam (Liverpool: University Press, 2004), pp. 43f
  6. ^ Gregory of Tours, Decem Libri Historiarum, II.37; translated by Lewis Thorpe, History of the Franks (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974), p. 154
  7. ^ Epistulae 24, 36, 51, 52; translated by Dauta Shanzer and Ian Wood, Avitus of Vienne, Letters and Selected Prose (Liverpool: University Press, 2002), pp. 337-340, 342-349
  8. ^ Decem Libri, III.2; translated by Thorpe, pp. 162f

Further reading

  • Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin, John Robert Martindale, and John Morris, "Apollinaris 3", Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-521-07233-6, vol. II p. 114

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