Babi (mythology)
| Babi / Baba in hieroglyphs | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Babi / Baba bull of the baboons | ||||||||
Babi, also Baba,[1][2] in ancient Egypt, was the deification of the baboon, one of the animals present in Egypt. His name is usually translated as "bull of the baboons", and roughly means "alpha male of all baboons", i.e. chief of the baboons.[3] Since baboons exhibit many human characteristics, it was believed in early times, at least since the Predynastic Period, that they were deceased ancestors. In particular, the alpha males were identified as deceased rulers, referred to as the great white one (Hez-ur in Egyptian), since hamadryas baboon (the species prevalent in Egypt) alpha males have a notable light grey streak. For example, Narmer is depicted in some images as having transformed into a baboon.
Since baboons were considered to be the dead, Babi was viewed as an underworld deity. Baboons are extremely aggressive, and omnivorous, and so Babi was viewed as being very bloodthirsty, and living on entrails.[3][4] Consequently, he was viewed as devouring the souls of the unrighteous after they had been weighed against Ma'at (the concept of truth/order),[5] and was thus said to stand by a lake of fire, representing destruction. Since this judging of righteousness was an important part of the underworld, Babi was said to be the first-born son of Osiris,[6] the god of the dead in the same regions in which people believed in Babi.
Baboons also have noticeably high sex drives, in addition to their high level of genital marking, and so Babi was considered the god of virility of the dead. He was usually portrayed with an erection, and due to the association with the judging of souls, was sometimes depicted as using it as the mast of the ferry which conveyed the righteous to Aaru, a series of islands.[3] Babi was also prayed to, in order to ensure that an individual would not suffer from impotence after death.
See also
Khonsu
References
- ^ Budge, Ernest Alfred Wallis (1904). The gods of the Egyptians: or, Studies in Egyptian mythology, Vol II. Methuen Publishing. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-0-486-22056-7. LCCN 04004378. OCLC 97634.
- ^ Pinch, Geraldine (2002). Handbook of Egyptian mythology. ABC-CLIO. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-57607-763-4. LCCN 2002004567. OCLC 49421586.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|chapterurl=(help) - ^ a b c Hart, George (2005). The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses (PDF) (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-415-34495-1. LCCN 2004030797. OCLC 57281093.
- ^ Breasted, James Henry (1972). Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-8122-1045-3. LCCN 70016951. OCLC 645503.
- ^ Curl, James Stevens (2005). The Egyptian Revival: Ancient Egypt as the Inspiration for Design Motifs in the West. Abingdon & New York: Routledge. p. 423. ISBN 978-0-415-36118-7. LCCN 2004028914. OCLC 57208695.
- ^ Müller, Wilhelm Max (2004) [1918]. Egyptian Mythology. Kessinger Publishing. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-7661-8601-9. LCCN 2004056146. OCLC 56086117.