Bansenshūkai
Bansenshūkai (萬川集海, Ten Thousand Rivers Flowing Together to form an Ocean) (Also pronounced Mansenshukai) is a Japanese book containing a collection of knowledge from the clans in the Iga and Kōga regions that had been devoted to the training of ninja.[1] Bansenshūkai summarizes the main points of the three volumes of the original Ninjutsu book Kanrinseiyō (間林清陽), and was written by selecting only those that fit the times. In the beginning of Bansenshūkai, the existence of the original text Kanrinseiyō was mentioned, but its existence had not been confirmed for a long time. However, in June 2022, a manuscript of the second volume of Kanrinseiyō copied in 1748 was found.[2][3]
It was compiled by Fujibayashi Yasutake in 1676, in the early years of the Tokugawa shogunate, to preserve the knowledge that had been developed during the near-constant military conflict from the Ōnin War until the end of the Siege of Osaka almost 150 years later. As well as information on military strategy and weapons, it has sections on the astrological and philosophical beliefs of the times,[4] and along with the Shōninki of 1681 and the Ninpiden of 1560 make up the three major sources[5] of direct information about this shadowy profession.
There is debate on whether it was written in Iga or Koga. Both regions used copies. But the consensus seems to be it was written in Iga based on the references to "a person in our region" being a person from Iga. Toward the end of the 18th century, representatives from Koga petitioned the shogunate for a stipend. Among the documents they provided to the government to make their case was a copy of the Bansenshukai. This copy is still in the National Diet Library.
Contents
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The books include:
- Two volumes of thought and philosophy
- Four volumes on leadership
- Three volumes on Yo-nin—open disguise
- Five volumes on In-nin—hidden infiltration
- Two volumes on astrology
- Five volumes on tools and weapons
Versions
[edit]There are two versions:
- The Koga Version has twenty-two chapters bound in ten volumes, with an additional one volume attached to it.
- The Iga Version has twenty-two chapters bound in twelve volumes with an additional four chapters in four volumes attached to it.[6]
Copies
[edit]After World War II, a limited number of handwritten copies were offered to the public.[citation needed] A few of these copies are in some major national and university libraries. It has recently been re-translated in various languages including English, French, German, and Japanese.
References
[edit]- ^ "The Book of Ninja: The first complete translation of the Bansenshukai", 2013, Antony Cummins & Yoshie Minami
- ^ 日本三大忍術伝書の原典の写本、甲賀市で発見 実戦的な忍術、鮮明に (in Japanese). Asahi Shimbun. 19 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022.
- ^ 甲賀で忍術書の原典発見 番犬に吠えられない呪術も「間林清陽」48カ条 (in Japanese). 19 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022.
- ^ Bansenshukai. Ninjutsu.com. Accessed March 8th, 2012.
- ^ "Martial arts of the world: an encyclopedia, Volume 2: Ninjutsu", 2001, Thomas A. Green
- ^ Bansenshukai Archived December 24, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Ninpo.org. Accessed March 8th, 2012.
Bibliography
[edit]- Don Roley, trans. Bansenshukai And Shoninki: The Ancient Tomes of Ninjutsu. Amazon, 2020
- Antony Cummins & Yoshie Minami, trans. The Book of Ninja: The first complete translation of the Bansenshukai. London: Watkins, 2013.
- Bansenshûkai: le traité des dix mille rivières, Fujibayashi Yasutake, Axel Mazuer, Albin Michel, May 2013. (in French)
External links
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