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Barun Goyot Formation

Coordinates: 43°30′N 99°48′E / 43.5°N 99.8°E / 43.5; 99.8
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Barun Goyot Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
~72–71 Ma
↓
Hermiin Tsav, a highly fossiliferous locality of the formation
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesNemegt Formation
OverliesDjadokhta Formation
Thicknessca. 110 m (360 ft)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
Location
Coordinates43°30′N 99°48′E / 43.5°N 99.8°E / 43.5; 99.8
Approximate paleocoordinates40°30′N 89°30′E / 40.5°N 89.5°E / 40.5; 89.5
RegionOmnogov
Country Mongolia
ExtentGobi Desert
Barun Goyot Formation is located in Mongolia
Barun Goyot Formation
Barun Goyot Formation (Mongolia)

The Barun Goyot Formation (also known as Baruungoyot Formation) is a geological formation dating to the Late Cretaceous Period. It is located within and is widely represented in the Gobi Desert Basin, in the Ömnögovi Province of Mongolia.

Description

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Khulsan in 1970

It was previously known as the Lower Nemegt Beds occurring beneath the Nemegt Formation and above the Djadokhta Formation. It has been suggested that the Djadokhta and Barun Goyot Formations are lower and upper parts, respectively, of the same lithological unit and the boundary between the two does not exist. The stratotype of the Barun Goyot Formation is the Khulsan locality, east of Nemegt. At Nemegt, only the uppermost barungoyotian beds are visible. The Red Beds of Khermeen Tsav are also considered part of the Barun Goyot Formation. It is approximately 110 metres (360 ft) in thickness,[1] and was laid down roughly 72-71 million years ago. Given the new date for the start of the Maastrichtian (72.1 MYA) a basal Maastrichtian age seems probable. The Barun Goyot Formation preserves an environment of sand dunes, created from wind-eroded rocks (aeolian dunes).

Paleobiota of the Barun Goyot Formation

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Lizards

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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Estesia

Estesia mongoliensis

An anguimorph

Gobiderma Gobiderma pulchrum A Monstersaur

Proplatynotia

Proplatynotia longirostrata

Mammals

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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Asioryctes A. nemegtensis An eutherian.
Barunlestes B. butleri An eutherian.
Catopsbaatar C. catopsaloides A djadochtatheriid.
Chulsanbaatar C. vulgaris A multituberculate.
Deltatheridium D. pretrituberculare A tribosphenid.
Nemegtbaatar N. gobiensis A multituberculate.
Zofialestes Z. longidens A eutherian.

Dinosaurs

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Ornithiscians

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Ankylosaurs
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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Saichania S. chulsanensis Hermiin Tsav II, Khulsan [Three] skulls, mandibles, cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, ribs, sternum, scapulocoracoids, humerus, ulna, radius, manus, cervical half-rings, and osteoderms.[2][3][4] An ankylosaurid also known from the Nemegt Formation.
Tarchia T. kielanae Hermiin Tsav II, Khulsan [Two] partial skulls, osteoderms, and [three] undescribed specimens. [3][4] An ankylosaurid also known from a second species, T. teresae, which was found in the Nemegt Formation.
Zaraapelta Z. nomadis Hermiin Tsav A partial skull missing the rostrum. [3] An ankylosaurid known from a subadult individual.
Ankylosauridae indet. Indeterminate Hermiin Tsav Dorsal vertebrae, ribs, pectoral girdles, forelimbs, pelvic girdles, hindlimbs, and osteoderms. [5] An ankylosaurid known from a specimen preserved in a "resting posture".


Ceratopsians
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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Bagaceratops B. rozhdestvenskyi Hermin Tsav, Khulsan "Multiple specimens with partial to nearly complete skulls and skeletons."[6][7][8] A protoceratopsid. Gobiceratops, Lamaceratops, and Platyceratops are now considered synonyms of Bagaceratops.[7]
Breviceratops B. kozlowskii Khulsan "Two skulls and partial skeleton remains."[9][7] A protoceratopsid.
Udanoceratops? Indeterminate Baga Tariach "Partial juvenile specimen."[10] A giant leptoceratopsid.
Pachycephalosaurs
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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Tylocephale T. gilmorei Khulsan "Partial skull."[11][12] A pachycephalosaurid.

Sauropods

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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Faveoloolithus F. ningxiaensis Hermiin Tsav, Ikh Shunkht, Ologoy Ulan Tsav "Eggs, egg clutches and shells."[13] Eggs probably laid by a sauropod.
Quaesitosaurus Q. orientalis Shar Tsav "Partial skull."[14] A titanosaur.

Theropods

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Alvarezsaurs
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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Ceratonykus C. oculatus Hermiin Tsav "Partial skull with skeleton."[15][16] An alvarezsaurid.
Jaculinykus J. yaruui Nemegt A nearly complete articulated skeleton including much of the skull[17] A parvicursorine alvarezsaurid.
Khulsanurus K. magnificus Khulsan "Partial skeleton, including cervical and caudal vertebrae, scapulocoracoids, humerus, and pubis."[18] An alvarezsaurid.
Ondogurvel O. alifanovi Nemegt "Partial postcranial skeleton," including dorsal and sacral vertebrae and hip and leg bones.[19] An alvarezsaurid.
Parvicursor P. remotus Khulsan "Partial vertebrae, pelvic girdle and hindlimbs."[20] An alvarezsaurid
Birds
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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Gobioolithus G. major Gilbent, Khulsan "Five eggs."[21] Eggs probably laid by a bird.
G. minor Hermiin Tsav, Khulsan "Eggs with embryonic remains."[22][21] Eggs probably laid by Gobipipus.[22][21]
Gobipipus G. reshetovi Hermiin Tsav, Khulsan "Embryonic skulls and skeletons."[22] An enantiornithine.
Gobipteryx G. minuta Hermiin Tsav, Khulsan "Skulls and partial skeletons, and embryonic remains."[23][24][25] An enantiornithine. Also present in the Djadokhta Formation.
Hollanda H. luceria Hermiin Tsav "Partial hindlimbs from several specimens."[26][27] An ornithuromorph.
Protoceratopsidovum' P. fluxuosum Hermiin Tsav, Khulsan "Clutch of 19 eggs and isolated eggs."[28] Eggs probably laid by a bird.[21]
P. minimum Ikh Shunkht "Clutch of eggs."[28] Eggs probably laid by a bird.[21]
P. sincerum Hermiin Tsav "Partial egg."[28] Eggs probably laid by a bird.[21]
Styloolithus S. sabathi Khulsan "Partial eggs."[21] Eggs probably laid by a bird.
Dromaeosaurids
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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Hulsanpes H. perlei Khulsan Partial foot and skull bone[29] A halszkaraptorine
Kuru K. kulla Khulsan "Fragmentary skeleton."[30] A dromaeosaurid.
Natovenator N. polydontus Hermiin Tsav Partial articulated skeleton with skull[31] A halszkaraptorine
Shri S. devi Khulsan "Articulated skeleton lacking skull."[32] A dromaeosaurid.
Velociraptorinae indet. Indeterminate Hermin Tsav, Khulsan Not specified.[33][34] A dromaeosaurid.
Troodontids
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Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Harenadraco[35] H. prima Hermiin Tsav Partial leg, foot, and hip bones[35] A troodontid
Oviraptorosaurs
[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Conchoraptor C. gracilis Hermin Tsav, Khulsan "Multiple specimens with skulls and partial skeletons."[36][37][38][39][40] An oviraptorid. Also present in the Nemegt Formation.
Heyuannia H. yanshini Hermiin Tsav "Partial skulls and skeletons."[41][39][40] An oviraptorid. Originally identified as Ajancingenia and "Ingenia".
Nemegtomaia N. barsboldi Nemegt "Nesting specimen."[42] An oviraptorid. Also present in the Nemegt Formation.
[edit]
Panoramic view of the Hermiin Tsav locality of the Barun Goyot Formation

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Gradzinski, R.; & Jerzykiewicz, T. (1974). Sedimentation of the Barun Goyot formation. Palaeontologica Polonica, 30, 111-146.
  2. ^ Carpenter, K., Hayashi, S., Kobayashi, Y., Maryańska, T., Barsbold, R., Sato, K., and Obata, I., 2011, "Saichania chulsanensis (Ornithischia, Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia", Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 294(1-3): 1-61
  3. ^ a b c Arbour, V. M.; Currie, P. J.; Badamgarav, D. (2014). "The ankylosaurid dinosaurs of the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot and Nemegt formations of Mongolia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (3): 631−652. doi:10.1111/zoj.12185.
  4. ^ a b Penkalski, P.; Tumanova, T. (2017). "The cranial morphology and taxonomic status of Tarchia (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia". Cretaceous Research. 70: 117−127. Bibcode:2017CrRes..70..117P. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.10.004.
  5. ^ Park, J.-Y.; Lee, Y. N.; Currie, P. J.; Ryan, M. J.; Bell, P.; Sissons, R.; Koppelhus, E. B.; Barsbold, R.; Lee, S.; Kim, S.-H. (2021). "A new ankylosaurid skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia: its implications for ankylosaurid postcranial evolution". Scientific Reports. 11 (4101): 4101. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83568-4. PMC 7973727. PMID 33737515.
  6. ^ Maryańska, T.; Osmólska, H. (1975). "Protoceratopsidae (Dinosauria) of Asia" (PDF). Palaeontologia Polonica. 33: 134−143. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  7. ^ a b c Czepiński, Ł. (2019). "Ontogeny and variation of a protoceratopsid dinosaur Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert" (PDF). Historical Biology. 32 (10): 1394–1421. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1593404. S2CID 132780322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
  8. ^ Kim, B.; Yun, H.; Lee, Y.-N. (2019). "The postcranial skeleton of Bagaceratops (Ornithischia: Neoceratopsia) from the Baruungoyot Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in Hermiin Tsav of southwestern Gobi, Mongolia". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 55 (2): 179−190. doi:10.14770/jgsk.2019.55.2.179. S2CID 150321203.
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  12. ^ Sullivan, R. M. (2006). "A taxonomic review of the Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin (35): 347–365.
  13. ^ K. Mikhailov, K. Sabath, and S. Kurzanov. (1994). Eggs and nests from the Cretaceous of Mongolia. In K. Carpenter, K. F. Hirsch, and J. R. Horner (eds.), Dinosaur Eggs and Babies, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 88-115.
  14. ^ Kurzanov, S. and Bannikov, A. (1983). "A new sauropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia". Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 2: 90–96.
  15. ^ Alifanov, V. R.; Barsbold, R. (2009). Ceratonykus oculatus gen. et sp. nov., a new dinosaur (? Theropoda, Alvarezsauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal 43 (1): 94−106.
  16. ^ Alifanov, V. R.; Saveliev, S. V. (2011). Brain structure and neurobiology of alvarezsaurians (Dinosauria), exemplified by Ceratonykus oculatus (Parvicursoridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontological Journal. 45 (2), 183−190.
  17. ^ Kubo, Kohta; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Chinzorig, Tsogtbaatar; Tsogtbaatar, Khishigjav (2023-11-15). "A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur (Theropoda, Alvarezsauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Baruungoyot Formation of Mongolia provides insights for bird-like sleeping behavior in non-avian dinosaurs". PLOS ONE. 18 (11): e0293801. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1893801K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293801. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 10651048. PMID 37967055.
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  22. ^ a b c Kurochkin, E. N.; Chatterjee, S.; Mikhailov, K. E. (2013). An embryonic enantiornithine bird and associated eggs from the cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontol. J. 47, 1252–1269.
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  27. ^ Bell, A.K., Chiappe, L.M., Erickson, G.M., Suzuki, S., Watabe, M., Barsbold, R. and Tsogtbaatar, K. (2010). "Description and ecologic analysis of Hollanda luceria, a Late Cretaceous bird from the Gobi Desert (Mongolia)." Cretaceous Research, 31(1): 16-26. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.09.001
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  29. ^ Cau, A.; Madzia, D. (2018). "Redescription and affinities of Hulsanpes perlei (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia". PeerJ. 6: e4868. doi:10.7717/peerj.4868. PMC 5978397. PMID 29868277.
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  34. ^ Longrich, N. R.; Currie, P. J.; Dong, Z. (2010). "A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia". Palaeontology. 53 (5): 945−960. Bibcode:2010Palgy..53..945L. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x.
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